北京市中小学生传染病相关知识行为水平

Knowledge and practice levels of infectious disease among primary and middle school students in Beijing

目的分析北京市中小学生传染病相关知识和行为水平,为在学校开展有针对性的传染病健康教育和提高学校传染病防控水平提供依据。方法于2020年10—11月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法从北京市各区(6个城区、10个郊区)共抽取25670名中小学生,采用中国疾病预防控制中心编制的学生健康状况影响因素调查表开展学生传染病防控相关知识和行为的问卷调查。组间比较采用χ^(2)检验进行统计学分析。结果北京市中小学生调查前2周内因病缺勤率为8.64%,对传染病相关知识的知晓率为37.64%~93.56%,相关行为形成率为62.22%~98.74%。总体传染病相关知识的知晓率为58.58%,总体相关行为的形成率为78.19%,均为男生(54.14%,73.67%)低于女生(63.25%,82.94%)、城区学生(62.88%,79.12%)高于郊区学生(55.30%,77.48%)、职业高中(职高)生(43.51%,68.13%)低于非职高生(小学:56.05%,85.19%;初中:61.66%,78.63%;高中:66.72%,72.77%)、住宿生(55.21%,71.59%)低于非住宿生(59.32%,79.64%)、与父母同住的学生(59.22%,79.30%)高于不与父母同住的学生(54.60%,71.34%),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为219.08,148.95,514.34,26.44,27.12;323.26,9.91,536.11,144.32,114.15,P值均<0.01)。结论中小学生传染病相关知识行为水平还有待提高。应针对学校传染病防控知识和行为的薄弱环节加强健康教育,减少传染病在学校的传播和流行。

Objective To investigate the knowledge and practice levels on infectious disease among primary and middle school students,so as to provide a basis for targeted infectious disease in health education and infectious disease prevention and control in schools.Methods The stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 25670 primary and middle school students from 6 urban area and 10 suburban area in Beijing from October to November in 2020.A questionnaire survey on knowledge and practice of students related to infectious disease prevention and control was conducted using the questionnaire compiled by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Chi-square test was used for group comparison.Results During the past two weeks,8.64%students reported sickness absence.The awareness rates of knowledge on infectious disease were 37.64%-93.56%,and the formation rates of practice on infectious disease were between 62.22%-98.74%.The overall awareness rate of knowledge on infectious diseases was 58.58%,and the overall formation tate of practice on infectious disease prevention was 78.19%,with boys(54.14%,73.67%)lower than girls(63.25%,82.94%),urban areas(62.88%,79.12%)higher than suburbans areas(55.30%,77.48%),vocational high school studengs(43.51%,68.13%)lower than non-vocational high school students(elementary school:56.05%,85.19%;middle school:61.66%,78.63%;high school:66.72%,72.77%),residential students(55.21%,71.59%)lower than non-residential students(59.32%,79.64%),students living with parents(59.22%,79.30%)higher than those not with parents(54.60%,71.34%),and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=219.08,148.95,514.34,26.44,27.12;323.26,9.91,536.11,144.32,114.11,P<0.05).Conclusions The levels of knowledge and practice regarding relative infectious disease among primary and middle school needs to be improved.Health education on the weak links in knowlege and practice of infectious disease prevention and control should be strengthened to reduce the incidence and transmission of infectious diseases.