发展性阅读障碍儿童执行功能与社会适应能力的关系

Relationship between executive function and social adjustment in children with developmental dyslexia

目的探讨发展性阅读障碍儿童执行功能特点及其与社会适应能力的关系,为促进发展性阅读障碍儿童的健康发展提供科学依据。方法于2023年6—9月,采用整群随机抽样方法从新疆某地区2所小学三至六年级学生中筛选出发展性阅读障碍组、生理年龄匹配组及阅读水平匹配组各85名,采用Stroop程序、2-back程序以及数字转换程序分别评定各维度的执行功能,采用少年儿童社会适应量表评估社会适应能力。使用方差分析比较3组儿童执行功能和社会适应能力的差异,采用Pearson相关分析发展性阅读障碍儿童执行功能和社会适应能力之间的关系。结果发展性阅读障碍组儿童的Stroop色词任务(0.72±0.21)、2-back任务(0.32±0.13)、数字转换任务(0.54±0.16)的正确率和社会适应总分(165.39±31.36)均低于生理年龄匹配组(0.80±0.19,0.38±0.11,0.61±0.15,181.71±31.85)和阅读水平匹配组(0.79±0.17,0.35±0.07,0.58±0.15,175.71±27.48)(F值分别为4.54,5.05,4.97,6.31,P值均<0.01)。发展性阅读障碍组儿童执行功能的抑制(Stroop色词任务正确率)和转换子成分(数字转换任务正确率)与其社会适应能力均呈正相关(r值分别为0.34,0.43),执行功能的刷新子成分(2-back任务正确率)与社会适应能力呈负相关(r=-0.27)(P值均<0.05)。结论发展性阅读障碍儿童存在执行功能缺陷和社会适应不良,且执行功能与社会适应相关。应采取相应措施提升发展性阅读障碍儿童的执行功能,改善社会适应能力。

Objective To explore the characteristics of executive function of developmental dyslexic children and the relationship with social adaptability,in order to provide a scientific basis for promoting healthy development of developmental dyslexic children.Methods From June to September 2023,85 students in the developmental dyslexia group,85 students in the biological age-matched group and 85 students in the reading level-matched group were selected from the third to sixth grades of two elementary school in a region of Xinjiang by cluster random sampling method.Their executive function was assessed by the Stroop procedure,the 2-back procedure and the numerical conversion procedure,respectively,and their social adaptive ability was assessed by the Social Adaptation Scale for Children and Adolescents.An analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to compare the differences in executive function and social adjustment among the three groups,and Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the relationship between executive function and social adjustment in developmental dyslexic children.Results Children in the developmental dyslexia group had lower correctness on the Stroop color-word task(0.72±0.21),the 2-back task(0.32±0.13),the digit-switching task(0.54±0.16)and the total score of social adjustment(165.39±31.36)than children in the biological age-matched(0.80±0.19,0.38±0.11,0.61±0.15,181.71±31.85)and reading level-matched group(0.79±0.17,0.35±0.07,0.58±0.15,175.71±27.48)(F=4.54,5.05,4.97,6.31,P<0.01).The inhibition(Stroop color-word task correct rate)and conversion subcomponent(digit-switching task correct rate)of the executive function of children in the developmental dyslexia group were both positively correlated with their social adaptive ability(r=0.34,0.43),and the refreshing subcomponent of the executive function(2-back task correct rate)was negatively correlated with their social adaptive ability(r=-0.27)(P<0.05).Conclusions Children with developmental dyslexia have executive function deficits and social maladjustment,and their executive function is related to social adjustment.Measures should be taken to improve the executive function of developmental dyslexic children and to improve their social adaptation.