蚌埠市学龄前残障儿童龋齿患病状况及相关因素分析

Analysis of prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among preschool children with disabilities in Bengbu

目的了解蚌埠市学龄前残障儿童的口腔健康状况并分析其影响因素,为预防残障儿童龋病的发生提供依据。方法2021年9月—2022年3月,采用随机抽样方法抽取蚌埠市2所康复机构的405名学龄前残障儿童进行口腔健康检查、问卷调查及体格检查,分析残障儿童龋病患病率;根据儿童的体质量指数(BMI)进行分组,探讨BMI与龋病的相关性。采用多因素二分类Logistic回归分析探讨儿童龋病发生的相关因素。结果学龄前残障儿童患龋率为74.07%,男、女童分别为71.01%,77.27%。5岁男童和女童(66.67%,88.24%)的患龋率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.53,P<0.05)。不同BMI组间(消瘦、正常、超重、肥胖)的龋失补指数(dmft)(240,606,30,60)差异有统计学意义(H=35.66,P<0.01)。BMI与dmft呈负相关(r=-0.50,P<0.01)。每天刷牙2~3次、使用含氟牙膏、近半年内甜食食用频率<2次/周与残障儿童患龋均呈负相关(OR值分别为0.09,0.41,0.24,P值均<0.05),睡前进食、父母亲文化程度为初中及以下和中专/高中与患龋均呈正相关(OR值分别为3.18,5.95,3.99,66.95,7.75,P值均<0.05)。结论蚌埠市残障儿童的龋齿患病率较高,受多种因素影响。应加强对家长及教育机构教师的口腔健康培训,重视儿童口腔预防保健工作,帮助残障儿童提高其生活质量。

Objective To understand the oral health status and associated factors of preschool children with disabilities in Bengbu City,so as to provide evidence for preventing dental caries in children with disabilities.Methods From September 2021 to March 2022,a total of 405 preschool children with disabilities from two rehabilitation institutions in Bengbu were randomly selected for oral health examination,questionnaire survey and physical examination.The caries prevalence rate among disabled children was analyzed.After grouping based on children's BMI,the correlation between body mass index(BMI)and dental caries among children was explored.Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the factors associated with dental caries occurrence in children.Results The prevalence of dental caries in preschool children with disabilities was 74.07%,with rates of 71.01%for boys and 77.27%for girls.There was a significant difference in caries prevalence between boys and girls aged 5(66.67%,88.24%)(χ^(2)=7.53,P<0.05).There were significant differences in the dmft index among different BMI groups(underweight:240,normal weight:606,overweight:30,obese:60,H=35.66,P<0.05).BMI was negatively correlated with dmft(r=-0.50,P<0.01).Frequent tooth brushing(2-3 times daily),the use of fluoride toothpaste,limited intake of sugary foods(<2 times/d)in the past six months,and exclusively breastfeeding within first six months were negatively correlated with the occurrence of dental caries in disabled children(OR=0.09,0.41,0.24,P<0.05).Sleep forward to eat,parental education level of junior high school or lower,and parental education of vocational school or high school were positively correlated with dental caries(OR=3.18,5.95,3.99,66.95,7.75,P<0.05).Conclusions The caries prevalence rate of disabled children in Bengbu City is high and is influenced by multiple factors.It is time to strengthen the oral health training for parents and teachers in educational institutions,pay attention to children's oral health care,and help disabled children improve their quality of life.