超大城市中心城区交通治理思路与对策研究

Research on Traffic Management Ideas and Countermeasures in the Central Urban Area of Megacities

【目的】为加强交通治理对策的针对性,提高建设资金和土地的使用效率,有必要对超大城市中心城区交通治理思路进行研究。【方法】采用国际案例比较、归纳演绎的研究方法,对国内外典型超大城市交通运行现状特征进行比较研究。【结果】研究发现我国超大城市中心城区交通拥堵状况已明显好于近似人口规模和空间结构的国外发达城市。在轨道网络化和共享单车等新型运输工具支撑条件下,居民出行方式已发生明显改变,通过继续增加机动车容量试图缓解交通拥堵的边际效应正明显下降。【结论】在机动化出行方式发生明显转变、构建低碳城市的背景下,我国超大城市交通治理工作重心应进行调整,更加关注轨道交通与土地协同开发、慢行空间环境整体改善、品质化多元交通的有效供给等。

[Purposes]To improve the pertinence of traffic management measures and improve the effi-ciency of construction fund investment,it is necessary to study the traffic management ideas of the central urban area of megacities.[Methods]Using international case comparison,induction and deduction re-search methods,a comparative study was conducted on the characteristics of the transportation operation status of typical mega cities at home and abroad.[Findings]It was found that the traffic congestion in the central urban areas of mega cities in China has been significantly better than that of developed overseas megacities with similar population size and spatial structure.Under the support of new transportation tools such as rail network and shared bicycles,the mode of transportation for residents has undergone sig-nificant changes,and the marginal effect of continuing to increase the capacity of motor vehicles in an at-tempt to alleviate traffic congestion is significantly decreasing.[Conclusions]In the context of signifi-cant changes in motorized transportation modes and the construction of low-carbon cities,the focus of traffic governance in China's mega cities should be adjusted,and more attention should be paid to the co-ordinated development of rail transit and land,the overall improvement of slow traffic space environment,and the effective supply of high-quality and diversified transportation.