新疆红花的产量等级划分及增产措施

Yield grading and yield increasing measures of safflower in Xinjiang

采用文献整合分析的方式,利用联合国粮食及农业组织官网下载的世界及中国的红花子粒产量数据,调查了新疆红花生长指标、产量及增产措施效果。结果表明,新疆红花株高、茎粗、分枝高、果球直径的均值分别为88.97、1.58、36.45、2.50 cm,单株平均果球数为15.71个,平均千粒重为43.61 g,花丝产量为152.00~1 350.00 kg/hm^(2),平均为421.06 kg/hm^(2),子粒产量为540.00~2 913.00 kg/hm^(2),平均为1 699.35 kg/hm^(2)。相关分析表明,红花花丝产量与各生长指标间存在不同程度的相关性,子粒产量未呈显著相关性。2016—2021年全球与中国红花子粒产量均值分别为949.4 kg/hm^(2)和1 458.5 kg/hm^(2),将子粒产量1 800 kg/hm^(2)及以上作为高产田,1 350~1 800 kg/hm^(2)作为中高产田,900~1 350 kg/hm^(2)作为中产田,900 kg/hm^(2)以下作为低产田。合理密植、灌溉、施肥等措施均能提高红花产量。适当提高种植密度可提高产量31%~54%,合理灌溉可增加产量33%~92%,而合理施肥可提高产量约1倍。新疆红花产量变异较大,有必要进一步探索红花高产稳产栽培技术体系。

Using the data of safflower grain yield in China and the world downloaded from the official website of the Food and Agricul-ture Organization of the United Nations,the growth index,yield and effect of increasing measures of safflower in Xinjiang were investi-gated by means of literature integration analysis.The results showed that the average plant height,stem thickness,branch height,and fruit ball diameter of Xinjiang safflower were 88.97,1.58,36.45,2.50 cm,respectively.The average number of fruit balls per plant was 15.71,the average thousand grain weight was 43.61 g,and the filament yield was 152.00~1350.00 kg/hm^(2),with an average value of 421.06 kg/hm^(2).The grain yield was 540.00~2913.00 kg/hm^(2),with an average value of 1699.35 kg/hm^(2).The correlation analysis showed that there were varying degrees of correlation between safflower silk yield and various growth indicators,and there was no sig-nificant correlation between grain yield.The average global and Chinese safflower grain yields from 2016 to 2021 were 949.4 kg/hm^(2) and 1458.5 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Grain yields above 1800 kg/hm^(2) were used as high-yield fields,1350~1800 kg/hm^(2) were used as medium high-yield fields,900~1350 kg/hm^(2) were used as middle yield fields,and below 900 kg/hm^(2) were used as low yield fields.Reasonable measures such as dense planting,irrigation and fertilization could all increase safflower yield.Properly increasing planting density could increase yield by 31%to 54%,reasonable irrigation could increase yield by 33%to 92%,and reasonable fertilization could increase yield by about 1 times.The yield variation of safflower in Xinjiang was large,so it was necessary to further explore the cultivation technology system for the high and stable yield of safflower.