西藏马铃薯淀粉的形态及组成研究

Study on the morphology and composition of potato starch in Tibet

采用粒径分布仪、扫描电镜、紫外双波长法分别测定西藏不同产地马铃薯淀粉的粒径分布、微观颗粒形态以及淀粉中的直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量,并与市售马铃薯淀粉原料和内地不同产地马铃薯的淀粉进行比较。结果表明,西藏马铃薯淀粉的粒径及微观形态与市售淀粉、内地马铃薯淀粉无明显差异;西藏马铃薯淀粉的直链淀粉含量平均为36.73%,支链淀粉含量平均为45.87%,市售马铃薯淀粉的直链淀粉含量平均为30.76%,支链淀粉含量平均为49.94%,内地马铃薯淀粉的直链淀粉含量平均为31.73%,支链淀粉含量平均为46.80%,与市售和内地的马铃薯淀粉相比,西藏马铃薯淀粉的直链淀粉含量极显著增高(P<0.001),支链淀粉含量显著降低(P<0.05)。西藏马铃薯淀粉与市售及内地的马铃薯淀粉的组成存在显著差异,为西藏马铃薯淀粉的高值开发提供了试验依据。

The particle size distribution,microscopic particle morphology and amylose and amylopectin contents of potato starch from different producing areas in Tibet were determined by particle size distribution instrument,scanning electron microscope and ultravio-let dual wavelength method,and compared with the commercial potato starch and those of potato starch from different producing areas in China’s mainland.The results showed that the particle size and micromorphology of potato starch in Tibet were not significantly dif-ferent from those in the market and the mainland.The average amylose content of Tibetan potato starch was 36.73%and the average amylopectin content was 45.87%.The average amylose content of commercial potato starch was 30.76%and the average amylopectin content was 49.94%.The average amylose content of potato starch in China’s mainland was 31.73%,and the average amylopectin con-tent was 46.80%.Compared with the potato starch in the market and China’s mainland,the amylose content of potato starch in Tibet was significantly increased(P<0.001),and the content of amylopectin was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The composition of pota-to starch in Tibet was significantly different from that in the market and China’s mainland,which provided an experimental basis for the high-value development of potato starch in Tibet.