萸黄连的炮制研究进展

Processing of Yuhuanglian:A Review

萸黄连为“相反为制”改变饮片药性的代表性炮制品之一,首载于《韩氏医通》,炮制方法为吴茱萸汁与净黄连拌匀闷润后炒干即得,即通过吴茱萸制黄连在保留黄连泻火解毒功效的基础上降低了黄连的苦寒之性,使黄连寒而不滞,可清气分湿热,对肝气犯胃、呕吐吞酸等病症有良好疗效。作为相反为制、药汁制的代表品种,萸黄连饮片收录于2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》和多个地方炮制规范中,其炮制工艺研究及优选一直备受关注。现代研究表明,萸黄连除含有小檗碱、药根碱、巴马汀等黄连中的成分外,还含有吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱、柠檬苦素等吴茱萸中的成分,具有抗炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤等药理活性。该文对近20年萸黄连相关的研究报道进行整理归纳,从萸黄连的炮制历史及工艺、药效药性、质量评价和临床应用等方面进行综述,发现萸黄连在各省市炮制规范收载的炮制方法及标准差异较大,主要涉及吴茱萸汁的制备方法、吴茱萸汁的用量和炮制终点的判断标准等方面;此外,不同研究期间萸黄连炮制前后主要成分的变化情况差异较大,推测与萸黄连的炮制工艺和质量标准不同有关。该综述可为完善萸黄连的质量评价体系提供参考。

Yuhuanglian is one of the representative processed products to change the medicinal properties of Coptidis Rhizoma,which was first published in Hanshi Yitong.Its processing method is to mix Evodiae Fructus juice with Coptidis Rhizoma with stir-frying for drying,that is,Coptidis Rhizoma processed with Evodiae Fructus juice can reduce the bitterness and cold properties on the basis of retaining the effect of purging fire and detoxification,so that Yuhuanglian is cold but not stagnant,which can clear dampness-heat in Qifen,and is effective in treating the liver-qi invading stomach,vomiting and swallowing acid.As a representative variety of processing with medicine juice,Yuhuanglian is included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and local processing standards,and its processing technology research and optimization has been attracting much attention.Modern studies have shown that Yuhuanglian not only contains berberine,jatrorrhizine,palmatine and other components,but also contains evodiamine,rutaecarpine,limonin and other components from Evodiae Fructus,which have anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,anti-tumor and other pharmacological activities. This paper collated and summarized the related research reports of Yuhuanglian in the past 20 years from the perspectives of processing history, efficacy and medicinal properties, quality evaluation and clinical application, and found that the processing methods and standards of Yuhuanglian were quite different in different provinces and cities, mainly involving the preparation and dosage of Evodiae Fructus juice and the criteria for the processing end point. In addition, the changes in the major components of Yuhuanglian before and after processing varied greatly among different studies, presumably related to the different processes and quality standards, this paper summarized the processing history, technology, pharmacodynamics, quality evaluation and clinical application of Yuhuanglian, in order to provide reference for improving its quality evaluation system.