燃煤掺烧可再生燃料发电烟气多污染物协同控制研究进展

Study on Multi-pollutant Collaborative Control Technology of Coal-fired Mixed With Renewable Fuel for Power Generation

“双碳”背景下,煤电清洁低碳发展是必然趋势。通过煤与生物质、污泥、生活垃圾等可再生燃料耦合掺烧发电,能显著降低CO_(2)排放量,是燃煤电厂实现碳中和、碳达峰的路径之一。燃煤掺烧可再生燃料发电后,烟气中非常规污染物(痕量元素、VOCs等)种类及含量将增加,因此研究燃煤电厂现有的大气污染物控制装置(air pollution control devices,APCDs)的脱除能力,及未来可用于燃煤电厂的多污染物协同控制技术对于非常规污染物减排尤为必要。基于掺烧后烟气非常规污染物的排放特征,该文重点分析其在APCDs各环保设备中的迁移转化规律及净化效果,阐述为更高效控制非常规污染物的改进工艺的技术进展。进一步对污染物协同脱除资源化技术的发展现状、技术问题及工程应用进行探讨,其规模化发展仍要面临许多技术挑战。未来燃煤电厂可通过耦合可再生燃料发电、污染物的协同控制并联合CO_(2)捕集利用与封存技术,助力实现“减污降碳”目标。

Under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,the clean and low-carbon development of coal power is an inevitable trend.Coal coupling combustion of biomass,sludge,household waste and other renewable fuels for power generation can significantly reduce CO_(2)emissions,which is one of the ways for coal-fired power plants to achieve carbon neutrality and carbon peak.After coal is mixed with renewable fuel for power generation,the types and contents of unconventional pollutants(trace elements,VOCs,etc.)in flue gas will increase.Therefore,it is particularly necessary to study the removal capacity of existing air pollutant control devices(APCDs)in coal-fired power plants and the multi-pollutant collaborative control technology that can be used in coal-fired power plants in the future for unconventional pollutant emission reduction.Based on the emission characteristics of non-conventional pollutants in the flue gas after mixing combustion,this paper focuses on the summary and analysis of its migration and transformation rule and purification effect in the environmental protection equipment of APCDs,and expounds the progress of the improved process technology for more efficient control of non-conventional pollutants.Furthermore,the development status,technical problems and engineering application of the collaborative removal of pollutants technology are discussed,and its scale development still faces many technical challenges.In the future,coal-fired power plants can achieve the goal of"reducing pollution and carbon"by coupling renewable fuel generation with collaborative control of pollutants and CO_(2)capture,utilization and storage technology.