门诊产前检查及宣教对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖水平及健康认知的改善作用

Improvement of Blood Sugar Level and Health Cognition of Pregnant Women with Diabetes in Pregnancy by Outpatient Prenatal Examination and Education

目的探讨门诊产前检查及宣教对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖水平及健康认知的改善作用。方法在2021年10月至2023年10月,选取80例在卫生院建档的妊娠期糖尿病患者,在入选的80例患者中以随机数字表法为依据进行随机分组,每组40例。两组患者均实施产前检查,对照组在产前检查时实施常规健康宣教,观察组在产前检查时实施综合性健康宣教。关于两组的血糖指标、自我护理能力(ESCA)量表、舒适状况量表(GCQ)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、世界卫生组织生存质量测定简表(WHOQOL-BREF)、新生儿Apgar评分作比较。结果护理后,观察组的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。护理后,观察组的ESCA评分、GCQ评分、WHOQOL-BREF评分均高于对照组,观察组的SAS评分、SDS评分、PSQI评分均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组新生儿在出生后1 min、5 min时的新生儿Apgar评分均较对照组更高(P<0.05)。结论在妊娠期糖尿病患者产前检查实施综合性健康宣教可有效增强患者自护能力,有利于保证血糖控制效果,并提升舒适度,改善其心理、睡眠及生活质量,降低新生儿窒息发生风险。

Objective To explore the effect of antenatal examination and education on the improvement of blood sugar level and health cognition of pregnant women with diabetes in pregnancy.Methods From October 2021 to October 2023,80 patients with gestational diabetes who were filed in the health center were selected and randomly divided into 40 patients in each group according to the random number table.Both groups of patients underwent prenatal examinations.The control group received routine health education during prenatal examinations,while the observation group received comprehensive health education during prenatal examinations.The blood glucose indicators,self-care ability(ESCA)scale,comfort status scale(GCQ),self rating anxiety scale(SAS),self rating depression scale(SDS),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),World Health Organization Short Form of Quality of Life(WHOQOL)-BREF and neonatal Apgar score were compared between two groups.Results After nursing,the fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(both P<0.05).After nursing,the ESCA score,GCQ score and WHOQOL-BREF score of the observation group were all higher than those of the control group,the SAS score,SDS score and PSQI score of the observation group were all lower than those of the control group(all P<0.05).The Apgar scores of newborns in the observation group were higher than those in the control group at 1 and 5 minutes after birth(P<0.05).Conclusions The implementation of comprehensive health education during prenatal examination of diabetes patients during pregnancy can effectively enhance the ability of self-care of patients,help ensure the effect of blood sugar control,improve comfort,improve their psychology,sleep and life quality,and reduce the risk of neonatal asphyxia.