基于FPGA的永磁同步电机SVPWM的数字电路设计

Digital Circuit Design of SVPWM of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on FPGA

针对永磁同步电机矢量控制算法中的空间矢量脉冲宽度调制(Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation,SVPWM)在现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)中不能直接实现正余弦计算、无理数乘法的问题进行优化设计。设计了基于查表法和一次线性补偿的正余弦数值计算、有符号数的√3乘法计算模块,并使用Cyclone IV FPGA的硬件乘法器资源,对反Park变换、扇区判断和三相作用时间的计算进行了时序约束,对输入电机编码器数值、旋转坐标系的V_d和V_q参数经过进行计算,输出带死区功能的三相七段式PWM控制信号。在FPGA中实现SVPWM算法精度为3.0×10^(-5),计算时间为1.6μs,对比高性能STM32F429微处理器有一定优势,满足了永磁同步电机的矢量控制要求。

This article focuses on the optimization design of space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM)in the vector control algorithm of permanent magnet synchronous motors,which cannot directly achieve sine and cosine calculation and irrational number multiplication in the field programmable gate array(FPGA).Sine and cosine numerical calculation module based on lookup table method and linear compensation,as well as a number root sign 3 multiplication calculation module.Utilized the hardware multiplier resources of Cyclone IV FPGA,timing constraints were applied to the calculation of inverse Park transform,sector judgment,and three-phase action time.Implemented the input of motor encoder values and rotation coordinate system V_d and V_q.The parameter is calculated and outputs a threephase seven segment PWM control signal with dead zone function.The accuracy of SVPWM algorithm is 3×10^(-5)and the computation time is 1.6μs in FPGA.It has some advantages compared with high performance STM32F429 microprocessor and meets the requirement of vector control of PMSM.