青年马克思对黑格尔批判方法的再现实化

Young Marx’s Reactualization and Historical Self-Consciousness of Hegel’s Critical Approach

马克思在“对黑格尔的辩证法和整个哲学的批判”中,首次明确肯定“黑格尔辩证法的积极的环节”。这个隐藏于批判主题下常被忽视的变化,成为马克思从费尔巴哈总问题必然地走向黑格尔总问题的开端,即从解构式批判到建构式批判的过渡。马克思正是借助对黑格尔异化概念的“批判的形式”和作为“推动原则和创造原则的否定性”的肯定和再现实化,才创立起真正的批判方法,意识到黑格尔思辨哲学与国民经济学异化现实的同构关系,辩证地揭示出私有财产的普遍本质和历史意义。正是马克思的批判引入了更具现实性的“历史性”维度,才为超越费尔巴哈的伦理逻辑、迈向唯物史观提供了理论契机。

In his Critique of the Hegelian Dialectic and Philosophy as a Whole,Marx explicitly affirmed,for the first time,“the positive aspects of the Hegelian dialectic”.This change,which is often overlooked under the theme of critique,marked the beginning of Marx’s inevitable transition from the Feuerbachian problematic to Hegelian problematic,that is,a shift from deconstructive critique to constructive critique.By affirming and reactualizing the“critical form”of Hegel’s concept of alienation and the“negativity as the moving and generating principle”,Marx developed a true critical approach and begins to dialectically recognize the historical significance and general nature of private property.He astutely observed the isomorphism between Hegel’s speculative philosophy and the alienating reality of national economics,thereby revealing the universal nature and historical importance of private property.Marx’s critique introduced a more realistic dimension of historicity,offering a theoretical opportunity to move beyond Feuerbach’s ethical logic towards Historical Materialism.