社会生产体制变迁视角下的新职业群体:职业特征、形成原因与现实困境

New Occupational Groups from the Perspective of Social Production System Changes:Occupational Characteristics,Causes and Practical Dilemmas

以信息化、数字化和平台化为特征的新经济业态、新产业模式,催生出形式多样的新就业形态,吸纳了众多就业人口,并塑造了新职业群体特别是青年群体的职业特征。具体而言,青年群体在行业选择上呈现出“去工厂化”、在身份建构上表现为多重职业和身份、在职业倾向上更青睐知识创意类工作等典型特征。从社会生产体制变迁的视角来看,青年群体上述职业特征的形成源于生产资料使用方式的变化、职业结构的变动以及生产要素的变革。对于由此所导致的青年群体职业脆弱性问题也应从新型生产关系出发予以破解,在推动各项改革深化的同时加强对新职业群体的政策支持。

The new economic forms and industrial models characterized by informatization,digitalization and platformization have spawned a variety of new employment forms and shaped the occupational characteristics of new occupational groups,especially young people.Specifically,young people show typical characteristics such as“de-factoryization”in industry choice,multiple occupations and identities in identity construction,and a preference for knowledge and creative work in career orientation.From the perspective of changes in the social production system,the formation of the above occupational characteristics of the young people is due to the changes in the use of means of production,occupational structure and production factors.The resulting occupational vulnerability problem should also be solved from the perspective of new production relations.While promoting the deepening of various reforms,it is necessary to strengthen policy support for new occupational groups.