运动员数据权利保护研究——以世界反兴奋剂规则为视角展开

Research on Data Rights Protection of Athletes under the Evolutionof World Anti-Doping Rules

数字时代运动员在反兴奋剂活动中个人数据权利受到侵蚀损害的可能性和风险加大。世界反兴奋剂规则体系开始变革以契合全球范围内个人数据权利的兴起,保持同个人数据国际国内立法的适配与衔接。作为世界反兴奋剂体系的主要规则,WADC2021、ISPPPI2021和AADRA三者都嵌入了运动员个人数据保护的内容,尤其是ISPPPI的相关条文实质上落实了GDPR知情权、访问权、纠正权、被遗忘权等数据权利。这些数据权利会受到GDPR数据原则的约束和制衡,必须正确理解数据原则的位阶逻辑及其对数据权利形成的指导方能不流于割裂和片面。除了赋予运动员数据权利,世界反兴奋剂规则还加大了对作为数据处理者的反兴奋剂机构的责任和义务,以保证数据权利真正实现。

In the digital era,athletes'personal data rights in anti-doping activities are more likely to be eroded and damaged.The World anti-doping rules system has begun to evolve in response to the rise of personal data rights around the world and to keep in line with international and domestic legislation on personal data.As the main rules of the World Anti-doping system,WADC2021,ISPPPI2021 and AADRA are all embedded with the content of athletes'personal data protection.In particular,the relevant provisions of ISPPPI essentially implement the data rights of GDPR,such as the right to know,the right to access,the right to correct and the right to be forgotten.These data rights will be subject to the constraints and checks and balances of GDPR data principles.It is necessary to correctly understand the hierarchical logic of data principles and its guidance for the formation of data rights in order not to be fragmented and one-sided.In addition to giving athletes data rights,the World Anti-Doping Code also increases the responsibility and obligation of anti-doping agencies as data handlers to ensure that data rights are truly realized.