公司对外担保中相对人善意之判定

The Determination of the Good Faith of the Other Party in the Company's External Guarantee

公司对外担保中相对人善意的判定应以相对人是否对公司决议履行合理审查义务为核心。合理审查应满足信息获取成本适中、外观存在明显瑕疵等要求。在审查内容上,相对人应对决议作出机关适格性、决议文本必备要件是否完备、公司及股东的有效存续、担保数额是否符合章程规定及签章是否存在明显瑕疵等实体问题,以及出席会议人数是否合法、是否违反回避表决规则及是否经资本多数决等程序问题予以审查。法院在判定相对人是否善意时还应当考虑相对人主体性质、担保人主体性质以及债务人与对外担保之代表间特殊身份关系等因素,区别认定相对人对决议的审查强度。如果担保符合公司之利益,法官结合交易习惯等案件事实,可以推定担保为公司真实意思表示,则可以豁免相对人对决议的审查,认定其为善意。

The determination of the good faith of the other party in the company's external guarantee should be based on whether the other party performs its duty of reasonable examination on the company's resolutions.Reasonable examination should meet the characteristics of moderate information acquisition costs,obvious defects in appearance,and simple information summary.In terms of the content of the review,the other party should review substantive issues such as the qualification of the institution to make the resolution,whether the necessary elements of the resolution text are complete,whether the company and shareholders are valid,whether the amount of guarantee complies with the provisions of the articles of association,and whether there are obvious flaws in the signature.The other party also needs to review procedural issues such as whether the number of people attending the meeting complies with the regulations,whether the rules for avoiding voting are violated,and whether the meeting has been decided by a majority of the voting rights.When determining whether the other party is bona fide,the court should also consider factors such as the nature of the other party,the nature of the guarantor,and the special identity relationship between the debtor and the external guarantee representative to determine the intensity of review of the resolution by the other party.If the guarantee is in the interests of the company,and the judge can infer that the guarantee is the true expression of the company's intention based on transaction habits and other case facts,then the counterparty can be exempted from review of the resolution and deemed to be in good faith.