超越历史终结论的纷争——来自福山与列斐伏尔错位时空的理论“对话”

Transcending the Dispute about the End of History——From the Theoretical“Dialogue”Between Fukuyama and Lefebvre Through Different Time and Space

近20多年以来,福山的历史终结论始终是学界讨论的重要对象,他基于黑格尔、尼采等思想炮制了历史终结论,为西方资本主义制度的现实存续背书,引起诸多关注。有意思的是,早在福山之前,西方马克思主义者列斐伏尔也引用黑格尔、尼采等思想,却提出了全然相反的历史终结论,要求终结形而上学历史观与超越资本主义统治。福山与列斐伏尔虽素味谋面,但双方在历史终结论上的“偶然相遇”与观点争鸣,不仅可以帮助我们揭穿福山历史终结论的抽象演绎性与形而上学性,更促使我们思考如何正确把握人类历史发展的客观走向。这启示着我们要坚定历史唯物主义的历史分析方法,基于人类现实的生产活动揭示历史发展的真实面貌与未来趋势,避免陷入纯粹理论的抽象演绎,因为历史的诞生地在于看似粗糙平凡却至关重要的物质生产。

For more than twenty years,Fukuyama's theory of the end of history has always caused a lot of academic discussions.He formulated the theory of the end of history based on Hegel's and Nietzsche's ideas,in order to support the Western capitalist system,and this has attracted a lot of attention.What's interesting is that,long before Fukuyama,the Western Marxist Lefebvre also cited Hegel's and Nietzsche's ideas to put forward a completely opposite conclusion to the end of history,demanding the end of the metaphysical concept of history and transcending capitalism.Although Fukuyama and Lefebvre never met each other,their“accidental encounter”and theoretical discussion about the end of history can not only help us expose the abstract deductive and metaphysical nature of Fukuyama's theory,but also prompt us to think about how to grasp the objective trend of development of human history.This inspires us to strengthen the method of analysis of historical materialism,avoid falling into the abstract deduction of pure theory,and reveal the truth and future of the historical development based on the production activities of human reality,because the birth of history lies in the seemingly ordinary but in fact fundamental material production.