童年随迁经历对农村流动人口就业与收入的影响

The Impact of Childhood Migration Experience on the Employment and Income of Rural Migrants

随迁经历对儿童的影响受到了学界的大量关注,但现有文献少有关注随迁与儿童长期发展的关系。本文使用2017年中国乡城人口流动调查数据(RUMiC),研究了童年随迁经历是否会对农村流动人口当前的就业和收入产生影响。研究表明:(1)童年的随迁经历会对流动人口当前的就业和收入产生负向影响,并且使其更可能成为自我雇佣者,通过稳健性检验和多种方法解决选择偏差后结论仍然成立;(2)机制分析表明,童年随迁经历会对个体长期的认知能力和非认知能力产生负向影响,进而影响其就业与收入表现;(3)拓展研究表明,童年有随迁经历者其子女仍然可能继续随迁,从而产生潜在的代际流动问题。研究表明,需要进行相关制度改革以使随迁儿童在城市获得更好的教育和成长条件,否则将影响其长期发展,不利于共同富裕的实现。

The impact of migration on children has received a lot of attention from the academic community,but little attention has been paid to the relationship between migration and children's long-term development in the existing literature.This paper uses 2017 Rural-Urban Migration in China data(RUMiC)to study whether childhood migration experience will affect the employment and income in adulthood of rural migrants.The results show:(1)The experience of migration in childhood will have a negative impact on the individual's current employment and income,and make him more likely to become a self-employed worker.The conclusion is still valid after the robustness test and various methods solving the selection bias.(2)Mechanism analysis shows that childhood migration experiences negatively affect individuals'long-term cognitive and non-cognitive abilities,which in turn affects their employment and income.(3)Further studies show that the children of individuals with childhood migration experiences may still continue to migrate with them,resulting in potential intergenerational mobility problems.The conclusions of this paper indicate that relevant institutional reforms are needed to enable migrant children to obtain better growth and education conditions in the city,otherwise it will affect their long-term welfare and will not contribute to common prosperity.