言语的两种表意形态:戏剧性叙事怎样实现“叙述的”目的

Two Ideographic Forms of Speech:How Dramatic Narrative Achieve the Purpose of"Narration"

史诗、小说等叙事活动中,叙述人有“以自己的身份在说话”与利用“旁人的名义说话”两种表意形态。前者被柏拉图看作是“单纯叙述”,后者被柏拉图看作是“摹仿叙述”。一般叙事作品中的人物言语,也有类似的两种表意形态。有的人物言语述说的是自己应该说或能够说的话,有的人物言语述说还在此基础上粘贴了一些其他话语意图。人物言语述说自己应该说或能够说的话,一般都与人物身份和言语述说情境紧密契合,属于理想人物言语。人物言语粘贴了其他一些话语意图,或多或少都会与人物身份产生一些距离、与言语述说情境产生某种缝隙,因而属于非理想人物言语。非理想人物言语是戏剧性叙事活动实现“叙述的”表意目的的主要手段。

In narrative activities,such as epics and novels,the narrator assumes two distinguishable ideographic forms:"speaking in his own identity"and"speaking in the name of others".The former,identified as a"simple narrative"by Plato,represents the narrator's direct expression of thoughts.In contrast,the latter,referred to as an"imitation narrative"by Plato,involves the narrator assuming the voice and perspective of different characters.Similarly,the dialogues of characters in general narrative works can be categorized into two similar ideographic forms.Some characters convey words that are in line with their genuine thoughts and intentions,while others project additional discursive intentions onto their speech.The former type of dialogue aligns closely with the character's identity and the situational context,representing ideal character speech.On the other hand,the latter type of dialogue introduces a certain level of distance from the character's identity and deviates from the context of the speech,constituting nonideal character speech.Non-ideal character speech serves as the primary method through which dramatic narrative activities achieve the ideographic purpose of"narration".