新见元院本演出壁画及其戏曲史料价值

Recently Uncovered Yuanben Mural of Yuan Dynasty and its Historical Value

阳泉市南杨家庄村M15墓葬新发现的元大德十年(1306)院本壁画,是迄今为止发现的唯一一幅有明确纪年的元代院本演出壁画。壁画中五人依次为副净、装孤、副末、末泥、引戏。元院本与元杂剧相比,演出规模较小,演出形式自由灵活,因此对演出场所要求较低,但更加注重幽默诙谐的喜剧效果;与金院本相比,元院本继承了金院本的演出规模和涂面化妆的方式。该壁画对研究元院本的演出形制具有重要价值,值得学界注意。

A recently uncovered Yuanben mural from the tenth year of Dade in the Yuan Dynasty(1306)in South Yangjiazhuang Village stands out as a rare find,as it is the only known mural to feature such precise dating.The mural depicts five Yuanben performers,namely Fujing,Zhuanggu,Fumo,M ni,and Yinxi.In comparison to the grandeur of Yuan Zaju,this mural reveals a smaller performance scale and a more free and flexible performance style.Additionally,it highlights the lower demands placed on performance venues during the Yuan Dynasty,while emphasizing the importance of achieving humorous comedy effects.Inheritance from the Yuanben of the Jin Dynasty can be observed in the performance scale and makeup techniques.This mural is deserving of attention as it provides valuable insights into the performance form of Yuanben during the Yuan Dynasty and warrants further study.