考虑时间窗及恶化效应的批处理生产调度优化

Batch production scheduling considering time window and deterioration effect

针对工序间有时间窗约束及加工时间呈阶段恶化的批处理生产调度问题,结合批处理生产瓶颈工序随加工批量变动而转移的特点,提出一种基于加工批量计算工序批周期时间的方法.通过加工时间阶段恶化效应对同一批量不同批次工序批周期时间的干扰分析,确定“拉”式策略下各工序各批次开始/结束时间的约束关系,以最小化批处理生产完工时间为目标,构建了考虑时间窗约束及阶段恶化效应的非线性规划模型,设计了一种逐步递进算法,并利用Matlab编程求解.案例分析结果显示,加工批量的轻微变动可导致瓶颈工序的转移以及完工时间的大幅跳变;加工时间阶段恶化效应会影响加工批量决策及生产线平衡率,不同阶段恶化率下的最优加工批量及最小完工时间可能存在显著差异,忽略恶化效应所得决策结果在实际执行过程中难以达到预期的效果.研究结论可为批处理加工企业生产优化决策提供有益参考.

This paper studied the problem of batch production scheduling considering time window constraint and step deterioration effect.According to the charateristics of bottleneck process shifting with the change of processing batch size in batch production environment,a calculation method of process batch cycle time based on batch size was proposed.The starting and finishing time of each batch on each process under the“pull”strategy was deduced,considering the limit of time windows and the disturbance of step deterioration to the batch cycle time of each process.A nonlinear programming model was established to minimize the makespan.A progressive algorithm was designed and a Matlab program was written to solve the model.The results of case study show that a slight change in processing batch size may cause a significant change in the makespan;the deterioration effect of processing time has a significant impact on batch size decision and production line balance rate.The research conlusion can provide scientific reference for the practitioners in the corresponding circumstance.