厌氧消化对餐厨垃圾中抗性基因消减作用研究进展

Research Progress of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Removal in Food Waste During Anaerobic Digestion

餐厨垃圾是抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)重要的储存库,其资源化利用存在潜在的环境风险.厌氧消化(AD)技术可同时实现资源回收和ARGs去除,是当前主要的餐厨垃圾资源化技术.但AD对ARGs的去除能力有限,沼渣农用的安全性仍受到质疑.如何提高AD过程中ARGs的去除效果是实现餐厨垃圾高效安全生物转化的关键.总结了ARGs在餐厨垃圾中的传播途径与机制,讨论了AD过程不同工艺参数对餐厨垃圾中ARGs传播的影响,阐述了外源添加剂及原料预处理等策略强化ARGs去除的研究进展,分析了ARGs在餐厨垃圾AD过程中的迁移规律和去除机制,主要包括微生物群落结构演替、可移动遗传元件变化和环境因素变化.最后,在已有研究基础上对未来提升餐厨垃圾AD过程中甲烷产率和ARGs去除效果进行了展望并提出建议.

Food waste is one of the important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),and its resource utilization has potential environmental risks.Anaerobic digestion(AD)technology can concurrently achieve resource recovery and ARGs removal,which is one of the popular resource technologies for food waste management.However,the removal efficiency of ARGs during the AD process is limited,and thus the safety of digestate for agricultural use is still questioned.Therefore,how to improve the performance of ARGs removal during the AD process is critical for efficient and environmentally friendly bioconversion of food waste.This study summarized the transmission pathways and mechanisms of ARGs in food waste;discussed the effects of different operation parameters on the transmission of ARGs in food waste during the AD process;described the research progress of exogenous addition of conductive materials,feedstock pretreatment,etc.,strategies to enhance the removal of ARGs;and analyzed the migration regularity and removal mechanism of ARGs in food waste during the AD process,which mainly included microbial community structure evolution,mobile genetic element changes,and environmental factor changes.Finally,this study prospected the future improvement of methane yield and ARGs removal in the AD process of food waste based on the existing research.