射流掩膜电解放电加工工艺实验研究

Experimental Study on the Process of Jet Mask Electrochemical Discharge Machining

针对电解放电加工过程中放电击穿的不确定性导致的加工工件形貌不一致及质量变差等问题,提出采用射流掩膜电解放电技术加工工件。通过对射流结构的分析,研究圆形紊动射流流速沿轴线的衰减规律并计算初始段长度,设计并制作了喷嘴及夹具。搭建射流电解加工装置,在不锈钢工件上制备了蓝油掩膜,对加工间距对凹坑形貌的影响进行实验研究。实验结果表明:圆锥收敛结构喷嘴喷射的射流有良好的力学特性,能利用射流的初始段对工件进行加工;具有镂空图案的厚度为50μm蓝油掩膜覆盖在工件上,能有效提高材料去除的定域性;当加工间距为2 mm时,材料去除率达到最大值。

The jet mask electrolytic discharge technique was proposed for machining workpieces due to the uncertainty of the discharge breakdown during electrolytic discharge machining,resulting in inconsistent shape and poor quality of the machined workpieces.By analysing the structure of the jet,studying the decay law of the circular turbulent jet flow along the axis and calculating the initial section length,the nozzle and fixture were designed and fabricated.A jet electrolytic machining setup was built and a blue oil mask was prepared on a stainless steel workpiece to experimentally study the effect of machining distance on the shape of the crater.The experiments show that the jet ejected by the nozzle with a conical converging structure has good mechanical properties and can be used to machine the workpiece using the initial section of the jet.A blue oil mask of 50μm thickness with a skeletonised pattern is applied to the workpiece,which effectively improves the material removal in a fixed domain.The maximum material removal rate is achieved at a machining distance of 2 mm.