自由跤运动员专项训练时的血流限制对其肌肉力量和形态的影响

Effects of blood flow restriction on muscle strength and shape in freestyle wrestlers during special training

目的:探讨4周自由跤专项训练时,血流限制对女子自由跤运动员肌肉力量以及身体成分、肢体围度、肌肉厚度的影响。方法:将20名专项训练经历在5年以上的北京队一线女子自由跤运动员随机分为加压组和对照组。两组受试者使用相同的专项训练内容,加压组训练时在上肢或下肢佩戴加压带进行血流限制。比较两组受试者4周训练前后肌肉力量以及身体成分、肢体围度和肌肉厚度的变化。结果:4周训练后,1)与训练前相比,加压组和对照组的身体成分均无显著性变化(P>0.05),但加压组出现骨骼肌量增加、脂肪量减少的趋势,加压组体重增加了0.57%,骨骼肌量增加了4.10%,脂肪量下降了1.48%;2)与训练前相比,加压组右上臂紧张围增加(P<0.05),其余围度指标均无显著性变化(P>0.05),加压组上臂围度增加幅度大于对照组;3)与训练前相比,加压组放松状态下的肱二头肌厚度、放松和紧张状态下的大腿前侧肌肉厚度增加(P<0.05),且放松状态下的肱二头肌和大腿前侧肌肉厚度增加幅度较大(26.59%和22.36%);训练后,加压组放松状态下的肱二头肌厚度、放松和紧张状态下的大腿前侧肌肉厚度高于对照组(P<0.05);4)与训练前相比,加压组左膝屈和右膝伸峰值力矩增加(P<0.05),且加压组增加幅度(6.00%和8.87%)大于对照组(5.42%和0.00%);5)与训练前相比,加压组深蹲、卧推、卧拉的最大静力增加(P<0.05);训练后,加压组的卧推最大静力(70.63 kg)显著高于对照组(51.07 kg)(P<0.05),且加压组提升幅度(9.45%)高于对照组(0.46%)。结论:4周自由跤专项训练结合血流限制干预,在保持运动员体重的同时,提高了上下肢主要肌肉的体积,提高了深蹲、卧推和卧拉等的最大力量和局部关节力量,效果优于传统专项训练。

Objective To explore the effect of blood flow restriction on muscle strength,body composition,circumferences of both lower and upper extremities,and muscle thickness of female freestyle wrestlers during a 4-week freestyle wrestling camp training.Methods Twenty female freestyle wrestlers of Beijing Team with more than 5 years'training were randomly divided into a KAATSU group and a control group.Both groups performed the same wrestling training program,during which the KAATSU group wore blood flow restriction elastic bands.The changes of muscle strength,body composition,limb circumferences,and muscle thickness were compared between the two groups before and after the training.Results After the training,no significant differences were found in both groups in the average body composition(P>0.05).However,after the training,in the KAATSU group,the weight and skeletal muscle mass increased by 0.57%and 4.10%,respectively,while the amount of fat decreased by1.48%.Moreover,after the intervention,no significant changes were found in the average circumferences of all limbs except that of the right upper arm,with its increase in the KAATSU group significantly greater than the control group.Meanwhile,compared with before training,the thickness of biceps in relaxation as well as quadriceps in relaxation and contraction increased in both groups,with significant greater increase in the KAATSU group than the control group in relaxation.To be more specific,the thickness of biceps and quadriceps in relaxation increased by 26.59%and 22.36%in the KAATSU group after the training(P<0.05 for all).In addition,after the training,the peak torque of the left knee flexion and right knee extension increased in both groups(P<0.05),with the increase in the KAATSU group(6.00%and 8.87%)significantly greater than the control group(5.42%and 0.00%).Moreover,after the training,the maximum strength of squat,bench press,and bench pull in the KAATSU group increased significantly(P<0.05),whose strength of bench press was 70.63 kg,significantly higher than the control group(51.07 kg),with significantly greater increase than the control group(9.45%vs.0.46%).Conclusion The 4-week freestyle wrestling training with blood flow restriction is superior to traditional training in maintaining the ideal body weight,promoting the mass of the major muscles of limbs,the maximum strength of skeletal muscles and related joints during squatting,bench press and bench pull.