中国高水平运动员心电图异常分析

Abnormal ECG of Chinese Elite Athletes

目的:通过对中国高水平运动员进行心电图检查并诊断,评估性别、运动年限和运动类型对运动员心电图改变的影响。方法:对2016年至2019年进行心电图检查的891名中国高水平运动员的心电图进行检测。根据2010年欧洲心脏病学会指南(ESC)将心电图分为:组0(正常心电图)、组1(常见与训练相关心电图)、组2(不常见与训练不相关心电图)。分析运动员的性别、训练年限(4~6年、7~10年和≥11年)和运动类型(技巧类、力量类、耐力类、混合类)对各组心电图改变的影响。结果:(1)不常见与训练不相关的心电图改变的发生率在不同性别、不同训练年限和不同训练类型的运动员间均不存在显著性差异。(2)常见与训练相关的心电图改变在男运动员中发生率显著高于女运动员(58.9%vs 47.4%);在训练超过11年运动员中发生率最高,与训练4~6年相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05);在不同运动类型间具有显著差异(P<0.01),在混合类中发生率最高,为64.6%;窦性心动过缓在混合类和耐力类运动中的发生率显著高于其他运动类型(P<0.05)。结论:中国高水平运动员与训练相关的心电图改变与性别、训练年限和运动类型均有关。

Objective To explore the effect of gender,training duration and type of sports on electrocardiographic changes in Chinese elite athletes by performing electrocardiography(ECG).Methods A total of 891 Chinese elite athletes who underwent ECG examinations between 2016 and 2019 were included in the study.The ECGs were divided into three groups according to the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC)in 2010:group 0(normal ECG),group 1(common and training-related ECG)and Group 2(uncommon and training-unrelated ECG).The effect of gender,training duration(4 to 6 years,7 to 10 years and more than 11 years)and sports types(skill,strength,endurance and mixed categories)on the ECG changes was assessed.Results No significant differences were found in Group 2 in sex,training duration or sports types.However,the prevalence of common training-related ECG changes was significantly higher in male athletes than in female athletes(58.9%vs.47.4%).Moreover,the highest prevalence was found in athletes with more than 11 years of training,significantly higher than those with 4-6 years of training(P<0.05).A highly significant difference was also observed among athletes of different sports(P<0.01),with the highest in those of the mixed category at 64.6%.Moreover,sinus bradycardia occurred with significantly higher incidence in athletes undertaking mixed and endurance training than others(P<0.05).Conclusion The training-related ECG changes of Chinese elite athletes is closely correlated to their gender,training duration and sports types.