跨境数据流动与数字贸易:国内监管与国际规则

Cross-border Data Flow and Digital Trade:Domestic Regulation and International Rules

在数字时代,数据已成为最重要的要素与资产,对数据的控制成为大国竞争的焦点。跨境数据流动直接或间接影响着数字贸易从订购到交付的各个环节,并从贸易成本、贸易流量、贸易结构、贸易效率等维度全面重塑未来的国际贸易。基于此,各国出于个人隐私保护、产业发展、国家安全等目的对跨境数据流动实施差异化监管。文章从产业利益、监管重心和监管框架三个维度对比了美国、欧盟和中国等核心经济体的国内监管模式差异,并对跨境数据流动的国际治理规则进行全景考察,继而提出中国参与跨境数据流动全球治理的政策建议。

In the digital age,data has become the most important element and asset,and the control of data turns into the focus of competition among major countries.Cross-border data flow directly or indirectly affects every link of digital trade from ordering to delivery and comprehensively reshapes future international trade from the dimensions of trade cost,trade volume,trade structure and trade efficiency.Therefore,the countries implement differentiated regulation on cross-border data flow for the purposes of personal information protection,industrial development and national security.This paper compares the differences in domestic regulatory modes among core economies such as the United States,the European Union and China from three dimensions of industrial interests,regulatory focus and regulatory framework.Meanwhile,the paper conducts a comprehensive examination of international governance rules for cross-border data flow and proposes policy suggestions for China's participation in global governance of cross-border data flow.