鸿都门学选士科目设立缘由——以政治、学术与教育的互动为考察线索

The Establishment Reason of Selection Subject in Hongdu School:Taking the Interaction of Politics,Academic and Education as Investigation Clue

东汉鸿都门学以尺牍、辞赋、工书鸟篆等科目选士,历来被教育史学界视为中国最早的文学艺术专门学校。论及鸿都门学选士科目的设立缘由,学界既往观点多释以汉灵帝个人喜好。以政治、学术与教育互动的“整体史观”为考察视角,将鸿都门学选士置于东汉末年皇权与士族官僚集团政治权力斗争的背景下,从知识群体所掌握的知识类别等角度,对鸿都门学以尺牍、辞赋、工书鸟篆等为选士科目的历史缘由可以作全面阐释。

Hongdu school of the Eastern Han dynasty selects officials by subjects such as writing,poetry and calligraphy of Niaozhuan and has always been regarded as the earliest college of literature and art in China by educational historians.When it comes to the establishment reasons of its selection subject,academic community always related it with personal preference of Emperor Ling.Based on the holistic view of history of the interaction between politics,academic and education,this article puts the selection under the background of the political struggle between imperial power and aristocratic bureaucrat group in the late Eastern Han dynasty and completely explains the establishment reason from the perspective of knowledge classification held by intellectual group.