曲阜孔氏家族的经学教育及其近代转型

Classics Education of the Kong Family in Qufu and Its Modern Transformation

曲阜孔氏家族有“诗礼传家”的家学渊源,家族教育长期以经学教育为中心。科举制度产生之后,形成了科举与经学共生的教育模式。无论是孔氏族人还是衍圣公皆以经学为中心展开教育。近代以来,因科举废止及新式学堂的创办,这种稳固的教育模式开始瓦解,孔氏后裔为寻求出路,走向多元化的发展路径。清末新政时期,以衍圣公府为代表的孔氏家族带领族人及乡绅在曲阜发起兴学运动。与孔氏家族密切相关的新式学堂开设的课程兼顾中西,末代衍圣公所受教育也呈现出“中西合璧”的特征。孔氏家族经学教育模式被逐步瓦解。

The Kong family in Qufu inherited poetic rites,and family education is centered on Confucian classics.After the emergence of imperial examination system,it established a symbiotic educational model between imperial examination and classics study.Both Kong Clan and Duke Yansheng have carried out education centered on classics study.In modern times,due to the abolition of imperial examination and the establishment of new schools,this stable education model began to collapse,and the descendants of Kong family went to a diversified development path.During the new policy period of the late Qing Dynasty,the Kong family,represented by Confucius Family Mansion,led its clan members and local gentry to launch educational movement in Qufu.The new school,which was closely related to the family,offered both Chinese and Western courses,and the education during the late period of Duke Yansheng also showed the combination of Chinese and Western.After that,the education model of the family was gradually disintegrated.