不同化控剂处理对杂交大豆制种催熟效果的影响

Effects of Different Chemical Control Agents on Ripening of Hybrid Soybean Seed Production

为解决杂交大豆种子商业化生产过程中,母本持绿,无法机械化收获、种子皱缩,品质较差的问题,从而推进杂交大豆产业化的进程,系统研究了不同类型化控剂及处理方法对杂交大豆制种过程中母本催熟效果的影响。结果表明:3种不同类型化控剂均可加速茎叶脱水,促进植株成熟,催熟速率排序为:乙烯利<草甘膦<敌草快,化控剂浓度越大,催熟效率越高;R6期喷施草甘膦和敌草快导致籽粒无法正常发育,若晚于R7期喷施,各化控剂催熟效果均不理想,R6+7 d为最佳喷施时期,可解决不育系茎叶持绿、籽粒皱缩、百粒重过大等问题。草甘膦为内息传导型催熟药剂,喷施草甘膦会严重降低种子芽率,无法应用于种子生产,乙烯利、敌草快无此负面作用。综合考量催熟效果、环境安全及操作便利性等方面,敌草快在R6+7 d时期处理可有效促进植株成熟,加速茎叶脱水落叶,降低百粒重,保证种子品质,符合机械化收获要求。

Large-scale seed production technology is a key link in the utilization of soybean heterosis.With the progress of industrialization,it is urgent to support the whole mechanized seed production technology.In the current seed production process,the female parent often appears the phenomenon of holding green,which seriously affects the mechanized harvest,seed shrinkage,and greatly limits the development of industrialization of hybrid soybean.We studied the effects of different chemical control agents and treatments on the ripening of hybrid soybean seed.The results showed that the three chemical control agents could accelerate the dehydration of stems and leaves and promote the ripening of plants,the ripening rate of Ethephon was lower than that of Glyphosate,and the ripening efficiency was higher with the concentration of chemical control agent.Spraying Glyphosate and Diquat at R6 would make the seed unable to develop normally.If spraying Diquat later than R7,the ripening effect of the chemical control agents was not ideal,and R6+7 d was the best spraying period,it could solve the problem of seed shrinkage and 100-seed weight of male sterile line.Glyphosate was an inner-interest conductive ripening agent.Spraying Glyphosate could reduce seed germination rate and could not be used in hybrid soybean seed production.Considering the effect of ripening,environmental safety,germination rate and water content,the treatment of Diquat at R6+7 d stage can effectively promote plant ripening,accelerate dewatering and defoliation of stems and leaves,reduce 100-seed weight and ensure seed quality,meet the requirements of mechanized harvesting.