高性能碳纳米管复合纤维的研究进展

Research progress on high-performance carbon nanotube composite fibers

碳纳米管纤维(CNTF)作为碳纳米管(CNT)的一维宏观组装材料,具备将CNT在纳米尺度上的独特物理和化学性能转化到宏观尺度上的巨大潜力。理论上,通过对CNT进行有效的连接以及“自下而上”的整合组装,其卓越的力学、电学和热学性能可以从微观层面传递到宏观纤维。然而,实际中由于CNT在宏观组装时排列不理想、堆积密度低以及存在孔洞等结构缺陷,阻碍了性能从纳米尺度到宏观材料的有效传递。近年来,CNT复合纤维的开发为克服这些结构缺陷、促进性能传递带来了希望。综述了近年来CNT复合纤维的研究进展,包括纳米材料/CNT复合纤维、聚合物/CNT复合纤维、金属/CNT复合纤维以及陶瓷/CNT复合纤维的制备方法,并讨论了复合纤维性能的国内外研究现状。特别关注了CNT复合纤维在强度、导电性和耐热性等方面的性能提升。最后,对CNT复合纤维的发展趋势进行了展望。

Carbon nanotube fibers(CNTF),serving as one-dimensional macroscopic assemblies of carbon nanotubes(CNT),possess significant potential in translating the unique physical and chemical attributes of CNT from the nanoscale to the macroscale.Theoretically,the efficient interconnection and bottom-up integration of CNTs can facilitate the direct translation of their remarkable mechanical,electrical,and thermal properties from the microscale onto macroscopic fibers.Nevertheless,practical obstacles,including suboptimal CNT alignment during assembly,low packing density,and structural defects such as voids,hinder the effective translation of nanotube properties to the larger material scale.Recent advancements in CNT composite fibers demonstrate promising potential in addressing structural imperfections and enhancing property translation at the macroscale.This review comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in carbon nanotube composite fibers,encompassing various preparation techniques and the subsequent fiber properties.These include nanomaterial/CNT composite fibers,polymer/CNT composite fibers,metal/CNT composite fibers,and ceramic/CNT composite fibers.A critical examination of both local and international research statuses pertaining to the enhancements in strength,conductivity,and thermal stability of these composite fibers is also presented.Finally,the review provides prognostications on the future development trajectory of carbon nanotube composite fibers.