光致变色纺织品制备技术的研究进展

Research progress in preparation technology of photochromic textiles

光致变色纺织品因迅速的光响应性和反应可逆性等特质,在时尚和智能纺织品领域应用前景广泛。概述光致变色材料的变色原理和分类,探讨光致变色纺织品制备方法(直接接枝、染色及印花、纺丝、层层自组装、微胶囊法)的最新进展,并总结各种方法的优缺点。直接接枝法可精确控制材料用量,但部分方法需要专业技术和设备;染色及印花法简便经济,适用于大规模生产,但染料易褪色且可能污染环境;纺丝法将光致变色物质纺入纤维,但制备过程复杂;层层自组装法可精确控制材料结构,提高稳定性,但制备周期长且繁琐;微胶囊法可有效隔离材料,提高稳定性,具有量产潜力,可用于开发智能纺织品。最后,简要介绍光致变色纺织品在光信息储存和太阳紫外线检测等领域的应用进展。

Photochromic textiles have a wide range of applications in the field of fashion and smart textiles due to the qualities of rapid light responsiveness and reversibility of reaction.The principle and classification of photochromic materials are summarized.We discussed the latest research progress of photochromic textile preparation technology including direct grafting,dyeing and printing,spinning,layer-by-layer self-assembly,and microencapsulation,and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of each method.Direct grafting method can precisely control the number of materials,but some methods need professional technology and equipment.Dyeing and printing method is simple and economical,suitable for mass production,but the dyes are easy to fade and may pollute the environment.Spinning method spins photochromic substances into the fibers,but the preparation process is complicated.Layer-by-layer self-assembly method can accurately control the structure of the materials and improve stability,but the preparation cycle is long and cumbersome.Microencapsulation can effectively isolate the materials,improve stability,and has the potential for mass production.Finally,the research and application progress of photochromic textiles in the fields of optical information storage and solar ultraviolet detection were briefly introduced.