气流冲击对棉紧密织物性能的影响

The influence of air impact on the properties of cotton-tight fabrics

由于棉紧密织物毛羽多、结构不均匀,易受到气流冲击影响而产生变形。为研究棉紧密织物受气流冲击后的变形程度与其结构参数之间的变化规律,选择9块不同规格的织物,在0.1 MPa气压的气流冲击下,分别处理5、10 min和30 min,通过织物透气仪测试织物的透气性能,并采用显微镜观察法比较织物的结构变化情况。结果表明:随着气流冲击时间增长,棉紧密织物孔隙内毛羽逐渐减少,孔隙由不规则图形变为方形,经纬纱直径以及织物的紧度都呈减小趋势;织物透气率与孔隙率呈非显著正相关关系;结构均匀、厚度大且紧度高的织物受气流冲击影响小。研究结果为开发具有抗气流冲击性能的棉紧密织物提供参考,并为防风系列产品的选择和使用提供依据。

The cotton-tight fabrics are used in outdoor windproof windbreakers,down anti-drilling fabrics,high-end shirts,and other fields,and these fabrics will inevitably be affected by airflow in use.Eight pieces of cotton-tight plain weave fabrics and one polyester staple fiber fabric were used to study and master the characteristics of the deformation degree and fabric parameters of cotton-tight fabrics under the impact of airflow.Each fabric was placed on an LD-1600X3 silent,oil-free air compressor,and 0.1 MPa air pressure was set for continuous airflow impact for 5 min,10 min,and 30 min,respectively.The air permeability was tested by the fabric breathability meter.The XD-1 microscope was used to observe and compare the image changes of the fabric after the airflow impact.The pictures taken by the microscope were imported into Autocad software to test and analyze the diameter of the warp and weft yarn in the fabric and the pore width between the adjacent warp and weft yarn lines.The center distance and pore area of adjacent warp and weft yarns were tested 10 times and the average data were taken.By analyzing the microscope images of each fabric,it can be seen that there are more hairs on the surface of the original cotton fabric,the yarn outline is not clear,and the holes between the yarns are closed by hairs.After 5 minutes,the diameter and shape of the yarns change little,while the pores between the yarns become clear,and more through holes are formed,indicating that the effect of airflow in a short time reduces hair in the fabric pores and improves the permeability of the fabric.After 10 minutes of airflow impact,the warp and weft yarns appear straighter,the bending state of warp and weft interweaving is reduced,the pores change from irregular shape to square,and the hair in the pores is reduced.After 30 minutes of air impact,the warp and weft yarn threads become thinner,the hair in the pores between yarns is reduced,and the porosity is further improved.The quantitative analysis shows that the diameter of the warp and weft of cotton-tight fabric decreases with the increase of air impact time,the distance between adjacent yarn threads increases,and the porosity of the fabric increases.There is a correlation between the porosity of the cotton-tight fabric and its air permeability.However,due to the influence of the hair of the fabric and the loose structure of the yarn on the airflow,the correlation between the porosity and the air permeability of the fabric is not high,and the porosity size of the fabric is not the main factor affecting the air permeability of the cotton-tight fabric.Under the same conditions,the fabric with a uniform structure has better air permeability and stronger air shock resistance.The tightness and thickness of the cotton-tight fabric affect its stability after airflow impact,and the tightness and thickness of the cotton fabric have little change in air permeability.