考虑供应中断和损失规避的多供应商采购决策研究

Multi-supplier Sourcing Decisions Considering Supply Disruption and Loss Aversion

研究了供应中断风险下风险中性和损失规避零售商综合运用双源采购和紧急订购策略的多供应商采购问题。零售商首先向可靠供应商和不可靠供应商采购产品,不可靠供应商存在供应中断风险。当供应中断发生时,零售商可向后备供应商紧急订购。通过反向归纳法解析求得零售商最优订购量,理论证明零售商会始终向具有成本优势的不可靠供应商订购,并给出零售商选择可靠供应商或紧急订购的条件。对比发现,损失规避会抑制零售商紧急订购,相比风险中性零售商,损失规避零售商更不愿意紧急订购或会下达更少的紧急订单。最后,通过数值实验探究不同情形下供应商的选择以及订购数量,发现风险中性和损失规避下可靠供应商是否被选择的情况可能不同。

Multi-supplier sourcing problems were studied,in which both the dual sourcing and emergency ordering strategies were used by risk-neutral and loss-averse retailers under the supply disruption risk.Retailers first purchased products from reliable and unreliable suppliers for dual sourcing.The unreliable supplier was subject to a random disruption.When a supply disruption occurred,the retailer could place an emergency order from the backup supplier.The optimal order quantities were obtained through backward induction.It was proved that retailers would always order products from the unreliable supplier with a cost advantage.The conditions on whether retailers selected the reliable supplier or emergency order were derived.By comparison,it was shown that loss aversion will inhibit retailers'emergency ordering.Compared to the risk-neutral retailer,the loss-averse retailer will be less willing to place an emergency order or order fewer products in emergency.Finally,numerical experiments were conducted to explore supplier selection and order quantities in different cases.It is found that whether the reliable supplier is selected may be different under risk neutrality and loss aversion.