供需视角下生态系统服务优先保护区及驱动力研究——以黄河流域黄土沟壑区为例

Priority protected area and drivers of ecosystem services from supply-demand perspective:taking the loess gully area of the Yellow River basin as an example

了解生态系统服务(ES)供需之间的匹配关系以及区域差异化的社会生态驱动力对于生态系统的可持续管理至关重要。以生态脆弱的黄河流域黄土沟壑区为案例,通过对粮食生产服务、产水服务、土壤保持服务和碳固存服务4种关键ES的供给与需求进行评价,从时空稳定性角度构建了ES优先保护区识别框架,并对比分析了优先保护区内、外差异化的社会生态驱动机制。结果表明:研究期内除了粮食生产服务处于供大于求状态外,其他服务均处于供不应求状态,其中产水和土壤保持服务供需赤字缩小,而碳固存服务供需赤字明显扩大。ES优先保护区主要位于黄土沟壑区的东南部区域,以黄土高塬沟壑区的县域为主。ES供需关系的变化在优先保护区内受人口密度和降雨量主导,而在其他区域则受经济密度和降雨量主导。研究结果有助于因地制宜制定差异化的生态保护策略,进而促进ES供需之间匹配关系的改善。

Understanding the matching relationship between ecosystem service(ES)supply and demand,and identifying the socio-ecological drivers of regional differentiation is considered crucial for sustainable ecosystem management.Taking the loess gully area of the Yellow River basin as a case study,this study evaluated the supply and demand of four key ES,namely food production service,water yield service,soil conservation service and carbon sequestration service.Then,the identification framework of ES priority protected areas was constructed from the perspective of temporal and spatial stability.Subsequently,this study compared and analyzed the differentiated socio-ecological driving mechanism inside and outside the priority protected area.The results showed that during the study period,all other ES were in short supply except for food production service.Among them,the supply and demand deficit of water yield and soil conservation service decreased,while the supply and demand deficit of carbon sequestration service increased significantly.The ES priority protected area was mainly located in the southeastern region of the loess gully area,with the counties in the loess tableland gully region as the main focus.The variation of ES supply and demand relationship were dominated by population density and rainfall in priority protected area,and by economic density and rainfall in other areas.The research results contributed to the development of differentiated ecological protection strategies according to local conditions,thereby promoting the improvement of the matching relationship between ES supply and demand.