清代道咸年间台风咸雨侵袭台湾地区及其应对探析

An exploration of typhoons and salty rains invading Taiwan and their response during the Dao-Han period of the Qing dynasty

清代道咸年间,台湾地区台风咸雨频发,呈现出灾害的突发性和严重的破坏性,造成房屋倒坏、庄稼萎烂、土地损坏、人员伤亡、商哨船沉没,甚至公共设施被冲毁。面对灾害,中央政府坚持“府际合作”的救灾机制,在灾情确认方面,通过各级地方官员对灾情自主勘察,相互配合,发挥基层政府的治理优势和价值功能。在物资筹措上,在中央政府的协调下,受灾地方政府实现物资的就近调拨,提升救灾的效率和水平。在具体措施上,地方政府通过发动民间捐助等措施,实现地方政府与民间的合作救治。通过中央政府这一时期的有效治理,台湾地区取得了良好的救济效果。这种府际合作的救灾思想,也为今后台湾地区乃至其它地区台风咸雨灾害的救助模式提供了宝贵的经验。

During the Dao-Han period of the Qing Dynasty,typhoons and salty rains were frequent in Taiwan,showing the suddenness and serious destructive nature of disasters,resulting in the collapse of houses,shriveling of crops,damage to land,injuries and deaths,the sinking of merchant ships,and even the destruction of public facilities.In the face of disasters,the central government adhered to the"inter-governmental cooperation"mechanism for disaster relief,in which local officials at all levels independently surveyed the disaster situation and cooperated with each other,giving full play to the governance strengths and values of the grass-roots government.In terms of material mobilization,under the coordination of the central government,local governments in disaster-stricken areas had been able to allocate materials close to each other,thus enhancing the efficiency and level of disaster relief.In terms of specific measures,local governments realized the cooperation between local governments and the private sector in disaster relief by mobilizing private donations and other measures.Through the effective governance of the central government during this period,Taiwan achieved good relief results.This idea of inter-governmental cooperation in disaster relief also provided valuable experience for the future relief model of typhoon salty rain disasters in Taiwan and even other regions.