轻度认知障碍相关脑区影像学异常改变的研究进展

Recent advance in neuroimaging abnormal changes of brain regions associated with mild cognitive impairment

轻度认知障碍(MCI)是健康老龄化与痴呆之间的过渡阶段,并且存在进展为阿尔茨海默病(AD)的高风险性,因此MCI阶段成为AD早期识别、诊断和防治最为重要的节点。目前MCI的临床诊断尚缺乏一种具有非侵入性、及时性和经济优势的神经影像标志物。近期研究发现,MCI阶段时海马、杏仁核、扣带回、丘脑、壳核、尾状核和胼胝体等脑区可能发生微观结构和(或)功能的改变,而这些异常改变的影像学表现或可成为MCI早期诊断的神经影像标志物。本文现围绕上述MCI相关脑区在影像学检测中的异常改变的研究进展进行综述。

Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is the transitional stage between healthy aging and dementia,enjoying high risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease(AD).Therefore,MCI stage becomes the most important node for early identification,diagnosis and prevention of AD.At present,MCI clinical diagnosis lacks neuroimaging markers with non-invasive,timely and economic advantages.Recent studies suggest that microstructural and/or functional changes may occur in brain regions such as the hippocampus,amygdala,cingulate gyrus,thalamus,putamen,caudate nucleus and corpus callosum during MCI stage,and imaging features of these abnormal changes may serve as neuroimaging markers for early diagnosis of MCI.This article reviews the research progress on the abnormal changes of MCI related brain regions in neuroimaging.