论孙吴、西晋时期长江中下游地区的镇墓俑

Tomb-guarding Figurines of the Sun-Wu Kingdom and Western Jin Dynasty in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

孙吴、西晋二朝是镇墓俑在长江中下游地区的集中流行时期。该区域目前所见这一时期镇墓俑,分为吐长舌状、独角兽形和鲵鱼形怪兽三大类。整理各类镇墓俑的文化来源和流行情况,可知吐长舌状镇墓俑源自长江上游地区,独角兽形镇墓俑源自北方地区,鲵鱼形怪兽为长江中游地区新创类型;各类镇墓俑均首先出现于长江中游地区,随后顺江传至下游的马鞍山等地,至西晋中后期在今江苏境内也有一定发现。通过分析各类镇墓俑在墓内的随葬位置和共存情况,可知不同的镇墓俑在墓内应具有不同的丧葬功能,且其组合形式或与地方文化传统存在关联。

It was during the Sun-Wu Kingdom and Western Jin Dynasty that tomb-guarding figurines gained popularity in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The tomb-guarding figurines of this period in the region can be classified into three categories:creatures with long tongues sticking out,unicorn-shaped creatures,and those resembling strange fish.By organizing the cultural origins and popularity of these various tomb figurines,it is evident that the long-tongued figurines originated from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,the unicorn-shaped figurines from northern regions,and the fish-like monsters were a newly created type in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.All types of tomb figurines first appeared in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,then spread downstream to places like Ma'anshan,and were later discovered in certain areas of present-day Jiangsu in the middle to late Western Jin period.By analyzing the burial positions and coexistence of various tomb figurines,it can be inferred that they served different funerary functions within the tombs and their combinations may be related to local cultural traditions.