2 842 名新兵军事训练伤流行特征及影响因素分析

Analysis of the prevalence characteristics and influencing factors of military training injuries in 2842 recruits

目的了解入伍新兵训练伤的流行特征、影响因素及教育需求,为部队开展训练伤防治工作提供理论参考和科学指导。方法便利选取2856名某部2022年3月入伍新兵作为研究对象,采用自行编制的调查问卷对新兵训练伤发生的流行特征进行统计分析,探讨影响军训伤发生的独立因素。结果获得有效问卷2842份,问卷有效率99.51%。入伍新兵训练伤发生率为23.50%(668/2842)。军训伤最常见的损伤类型是肌肉肌腱损伤(54.94%)、擦伤(52.99%)和关节损伤(50.60%);损伤部位以小腿(33.98%)、膝(29.49%)、手掌(22.16%)常见;损伤时间以训练中期(77.40%)为主。多因素Logistic回归分析中,女性(OR=3.20)、经常饮用碳酸饮料(OR=1.33)、既往外伤史(OR=2.90)、睡眠质量(OR=1.51~3.10)、压力感(OR=1.92~3.60)和防护知识掌握程度(OR=1.53)是军训伤发生率的影响因素(P<0.05)。新兵对训练伤的知识需求以科学训练知识(79.52%),训练伤预防知识(78.92%)和早期处理措施(61.96%)为主;主要希望通过视频教学(56.02%)、健康宣教手册(54.22%)和定期巡诊(51.83%)等方式来满足训练伤防治知识的宣教;分别有48.73%和48.14%的新兵希望施教主体是训练基地医生和医疗机构人员。结论入伍新兵训练伤发生率仍较高,女性、经常饮用碳酸饮料、既往外伤史、睡眠质量差、压力感和防护知识掌握程度低是训练伤发生的危险因素,新兵对训练伤相关知识的需求处于高位,应根据其发生规律及危险因素进行针对性预防并制订科学的防治对策。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics,influencing factors and educational needs of recruits with training injuries,and to provide theoretical reference and scientific guidance for the prevention and treatment of military training injuries.Methods A total of 2856 recruits were selected in March 2022 using convenience sampling method,the epidemiological characteristics of training injuries of the recruits were statistically analyzed by self-designed questionnaire,and the independent factors affecting the occurrence of military training injuries were discussed.Results A total of 2842 valid questionnaires were obtained,with the questionnaire response rate of 99.51%.The incidence of training injuries in the recruits was 23.50%(668/2842).The most common types of military training injury were muscle and tendon injury(54.94%),abrasion(52.99%) and joint injury (50.60%). The most common sites of the injuries were shank (33.98%), knee (29.49%) and palm (22.16% ). The injury time was mostly in the intermediate stage of training (77.40% ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR = 3.20), frequent drinking of carbonated drinks (OR = 1.33), history of trauma (OR = 2.90), quality of sleep (OR = 1.51-3.10), sense of stress (OR = 1.92-3.60) and mastery degree of knowledge of protection (OR =1.53) were the influencing factors of military training injuries (P <0.05). The knowledge needs of recruits for training injury were mainly scientific training knowledge (79.52%), prevention knowledge (78.92%) and early treatment measures (61.96%). Video teaching (56.02%), health education manual (54.22%) and regular visits (51.83%) were the major ways to fulfill the education of training injury knowledge. About 48.73% and 48.14% of the recruits wanted to be taught by doctors at training base, and the personnel of medical institutions respectively. Conclusions The incidence of training injury in recruits continues to be high. Female, frequent drinking carbonated drinks, previous trauma history, poor sleep quality, stress sense and low mastery level of protection knowledge are the risk factors of training injury. The recruits have a high demand for training injury-related knowledge, so it is necessary to carry out targeted prevention according to its occurrence regulation and risk factors, and to formulate scientific prevention and treatment countermeasures.