外泌体介导的组织工程在骨修复中的作用

The role of exosome-mediated tissue engineering in bone repair

严重创伤、骨肿瘤等导致的骨不连及骨缺损治疗是骨科医生面临的难题,以细胞为基础的骨组织工程技术为骨缺损修复治疗提供有效方法。随着对干细胞在骨组织再生中作用的深入理解,研究人员发现干细胞外泌体释放是其引导骨再生的治疗机制之一。外泌体能够通过旁分泌信号在细胞间发挥通讯作用,调节骨形成过程中的骨再生和血管生成。本文阐述外泌体的生物学来源、成分及功能,从分子生物学角度探讨外泌体在骨修复中的调控作用,同时对外泌体在骨组织工程中促进骨缺损修复的研究成果进行总结,以期更加深入理解外泌体的作用机制,为骨缺损修复提供新的治疗思路。

The treatment of bone nonunion and bone defects due to severe trauma and bone tumors is a challenge for orthopedic surgeons.Cell-based bone tissue engineering techniques provide an effective method for bone defect repair.With a deeper understanding of the role of stem cells in tissue regeneration,researchers have identified stem cell-derived exosomes as one of the therapeutic mechanisms that guide bone regeneration.Exosomes are able to regulate bone regeneration and angiogenesis during bone formation by acting as intercellular communication through paracrine signaling.This article describes the biological origin,composition and function of exosomes,and discusses the regulatory role of exosomes in bone repair from the perspective of molecular biology.In addition,we summarize the research results of exosomes in bone tissue engineering to promote the repair of bone defects.These findings will help researchers to better understanding the mechanism of exosome action,and to provide novel therapeutic strategy to bone defect repair.