北京市地下水位动态变化特征及影响因素分析

Analysis of dynamic changes and influencingfactors of groundwater level in Beijing

为探明北京市各区地下水位动态变化特征及影响因素,基于2018-2023年北京市437处国家地下水自动监测井的实测地下水埋深数据及气象观测数据,结合克里金插值法和XGBoost模型,分析地下水埋深的时空动态变化特征,厘清影响北京市各区地下水位变化的主要因素。结果表明:北京市地下水位整体呈现回升趋势,在空间上地下水位呈现以门头沟、顺义和平谷三区为中线向南北两侧递减的趋势。北京市各区地下水位呈现明显的季节性变化。影响北京市地下水位变化的主要因素是开采量,其对地下水位变化的影响最显著,其次是降水量,其对地下水位变化的影响次之;因此,在地下水资源管理中,需要制定综合的措施,包括合理调配农业用水、生产用水及生活用水等用途中使用地下水资源的占比;加强降雨水资源管理等措施,以确保地下水资源的可持续利用和保护。

To explore the dynamic characteristics and influencing factors of groundwater level changes in various districts of Beijing,this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ground-water depth based on the measured groundwater depth data from 437 national groundwater automatic mon-itoring wells and meteorological observation data from year 2018 to 2023,combined with the Kriging inter-polation method and the XGBoost model.The results showed that the groundwater level in Beijing present-ed an overall rising trend,and spatially,the groundwater level showed a decreasing trend from the central line of Mentougou,Shunyi,and Pinggu districts towards the south and north sides.The groundwater levels in various districts of Beijing exhibited significant seasonal changes.The main factors affecting the chang-es of groundwater level in Beijing were the extraction volume,which had the most significant impact on groundwater level changes,followed by the second factor of precipitation.Therefore,in order to ensure the sustainable utilization and protection of groundwater resources during the management of groundwater re-sources,comprehensive measures should be formulated,including rationally allocating the proportion of groundwater resources used for agricultural,industrial,and domestic purposes,and strengthening the management of rainwater resources.