2018—2022年北京市食源性疾病流行病学特征及空间聚集性分析

Epidemiological characteristics and spatial clustering of foodborne diseases in Beijing,2018-2022

目的分析2018—2022年北京市食源性疾病的流行病学特征和病例空间聚集情况,确定病例分布的热点地区,为科学开展精准防控提供依据。方法以2018—2022年北京市食源性疾病监测数据为分析对象,运用描述性流行病学方法分析流行病学特征,运用Acrgic10.8空间自相关方法研究其空间聚集性。结果2018—2022年北京市共报告病例31404例,5年年均报告发病率为28.89/10万,男女比为1.18∶1,20~39岁组报告病例最多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),8月报告病例数最多,占13.64%(4285/31404),自述的可疑暴露食品中肉与肉制品最多,占23.59%(5403/22901),家庭是病例进食场所最多的地方,占71.73%(16428/22901)。怀柔区报告发病率最高,为107.74/10万。空间自相关分析结果显示,5年期间的Moran’s I值在0.36~0.63之间,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示食源性疾病发病存在空间聚集性,热点地区主要分布在北部的怀柔区和密云区,冷点地区主要分布在北京市中心城区。结论2018—2022年北京市食源性疾病发病存在明显的时空聚集性,高发地区为怀柔区和密云区,8月为高发时间,应针对重点地区及高发时间加强防控。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of foodborne diseases and spatial clustering of the cases in Beijing from 2018 to 2022,to identify hot spots for case distribution,and to provide a basis for scientific and precise prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the monitoring data regarding foodborne diseases in Beijing from 2018 to 2022,and the Acrgic10.8 spatial autocorrelation method was applied to studying their spatial clustering.Results A total of 31,404 cases were reported in Beijing from 2018 to 2022,and the average annual reported incidence rate in the 5-year period was 28.89/100,000.The male to female ratio was 1.18:1.The group aged 20-39 years reported the most cases,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).August had the highest number of reported cases,accounting for 13.64%(4,285/31,404).Among the self-reported suspicious exposure food,meat and meat products were the highest,accounting for 23.59%(5,403/22,901).Households were the most common places to eat,accounting for 71.73%(16,428/22,901).The highest incidence rate was reported in Huairou District,reaching 107.74/100,000.The results of spatial autocorrelation analysis displayed that the Moran’s I values during the 5-year period ranged from 0.36 to 0.63,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05),indicating a spatial clustering of foodborne diseases.Hot spots were mainly distributed in Huairou District and Miyun District in the north,while cold spots in the central urban area of Beijing.Conclusion There was a significant spatiotemporal clustering of foodborne diseases in Beijing from 2018 to 2022.The high incidence areas were Huairou District and Miyun District,and August was the high incidence period.Therefore,prevention and control should be strengthened in the key districts and the high incidence period.