施用鱼虾下脚料有机肥对水稻生产的影响

Effect of organic fertilizer application of fish and shrimp scraps on rice production

随着我国水产养殖业与加工业的快速发展,鱼虾下脚料等水产品废弃物随意处置导致的环境污染问题屡见不鲜,同时也造成了大量的资源浪费。该试验以嘉67水稻为种植对象,设置5个不同施肥处理,进行为期1 a的单季种植,发现在舟山当地环境下,鱼虾下脚料有机肥25%等氮替代处理能在一定程度上提升土壤氮、磷、钾3种常量元素的含量,且能够起到提升水稻的养分利用率、促进水稻稻谷的干物质积累、改善产量构成因素的作用,使水稻保持稳产高产。若该有机肥能够投入市场化应用,可以起到将鱼虾下脚料等水产品废弃物进行资源化利用,减少废弃物流入环境造成污染的作用。同时,能够拓宽有机肥的获取途径,起到改善土壤环境,增加农户对于有机肥的选择,减少化肥投入的作用,对于促进农业经济产业发展有着一定意义。

With the rapid development of aquaculture industry and processing industry in China,the environmental pollution caused by the random disposal of aquatic product wastes such as fish and shrimp scraps is not uncommon,and it also causes a lot of waste of resources.In this experiment,Jia 67 rice was planted with 5 different fertilization treatments for a period of 1 year,and it was found that in the local environment of Zhoushan,nitrogen substitution treatment such as 25%organic fertilizer for fish and shrimp scraps could increase the content of three major elements of soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium to a certain extent,and could improve the nutrient utilization efficiency of rice,promote the dry matter accumulation of rice grain,and improve the yield components,so as to maintain stable and high yield of rice.If the organic fertilizer can be put into market application,it can play a role in the resource utilization of aquatic product wastes such as fish and shrimp scraps,and reduce the pollution caused by waste flow into the environment.At the same time,it can broaden the access to organic fertilizer,improve the soil environment,increase farmers′choice of organic fertilizer,and reduce fertilizer input,which is of certain significance for promoting the development of agricultural economy and industry.