秸秆炭化还田标准化发展现状

Current status of standardization development of biochar from straw cabonization and field application

秸秆资源的综合利用是我国当前农业生产过程中面临的重要问题,而秸秆炭化后还田是实现秸秆综合利用的重要途径之一。生物质炭作为一种多功能炭材料,具有疏松多孔的碳架结构、丰富的含氧官能团和无机矿物,以及较大的比表面积和稳定性,秸秆炭化后还田有利于改善土壤理化性状、提升土壤肥力、促进土壤固碳减排和污染物的固持。建设完备的标准化体系有利于生物质炭的规范化、产业化发展。然而,关于秸秆炭化及生物质炭标准化进展还未见报道。介绍了秸秆炭化还田研究及农业应用背景,综述了国内外尤其是我国秸秆炭化还田及生物质炭农业应用领域的已有标准及标准化发展现状。结果表明,我国已经初步形成了以秸秆等生物质炭化过程装备、产品质量、性质检测及农业应用为基础的标准化体系。然而,秸秆炭化农业应用标准化体系还不够完善、已有标准质量也参差不齐。从加强生物质炭化新设备研发、产品和标准物质研发、检测方法研发、农业应用技术规范研发并形成系统的标准等方面提出了建议。

The comprehensive utilization of straw resources is an important issue in China during the agricultural production process,while returning straw to field after carbonization is one of the important ways to achieve comprehensive utilization of straw.Biochar,as a multifunctional carbon material,has a porous carbon framework structure,abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and inorganic minerals,as well as a large specific surface area and stability.Application of straw derived biochar to the field is beneficial for improving soil physical and chemical properties,enhancing soil fertility,promoting soil carbon sequestration,greenhouse gases mitigation,and pollutant stabilization.Creating a complete standardization system is conducive to the standardization and industrialization development of biochar.However,there have been no reports on the standardization production,testing methods and application of biochar.This review summarizes the research and agricultural application background of straw carbonization and application,and summarizes the existing standards and standardized development status in the fields of straw carbonization and their returning to the field,especially in China.The results indicate that China has initially formed a standardized system based on equipment for biomass carbonization processes,biochar product quality testing,and agricultural applications.However,the standardization system for the application of straw carbonization in agriculture is not yet perfect,and the quality of existing standards is also uneven.Suggestions were put forward to strengthen the research and development of new equipment for biomass carbonization,products and standard substances,testing methods,agricultural application technology specifications,and establish systematic standards.