2013-2022年广西钦州市水痘流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Qinzhou City,Guangxi from 2013 to 2022

目的分析钦州市2013-2022年水痘的流行病学特征。方法通过中国传染病报告信息管理系统收集钦州市2013-2022年水痘病例和人口数据;利用WPS Office表格和SPSS 18.0软件对数据进行整理和统计分析,并描述水痘流行病学特征。结果2013-2022年钦州市共报告水痘12372例,发病率为38.07/10万;发病率从2013年的5.86/10万上升至2021年的67.32/10万;各县(区)发病率在23.19/10万~50.09/10万之间;乡村地区的发病率低于城镇和街道地区;每年4-6月和11月-次年1月为发病高峰期;人群发病率最高的年龄组是5岁~<10岁组,发病率为213.17/10万;发病率最低的年龄组是60岁~<65岁组,没有病例报告。学校和托幼机构是水痘突发公共卫生事件发生的主要场所。结论钦州市2013-2016年水痘发病率呈上升趋势,2017-2022年在高位波动。建议加强监测预警,根据流行规律对重点场所和重点人群进行干预,通过提高适龄儿童2剂次水痘疫苗接种率,控制水痘疫情的流行。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Qinzhou City from 2013 to 2022.Methods Cases and population data from 2013 to 2022 were collected through the China Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System.WPS Office forms and SPSS 18.0 software were used to organize and statistically analyze the data,and the epidemiological characteristics of varicella were described.Results A total of 12372 cases of varicella were reported in Qinzhou from 2013 to 2022,with an incidence rate of 38.07/100000.The incidence rate increased from 5.86/100000 in 2013 to 67.32/100000 in 2021.The incidence rate in each county(district)was between 23.19/100000 and 50.09/100000.The incidence rate was lower in rural areas than in urban and street areas;the peak period was from April to June and from November to January of the next year;the age group with the highest incidence was that with the age of 5 to less than 10 years old,the incidence rate was 213.17/100000,and the age group with the lowest incidence rate was that with the age of 60 to less than 65 years old.Schools and kindergartens were the main places where varicella emergencies occur.Conclusion The incidence of varicella in Qinzhou City increases from 2013 to 2016,and fluctuates at a high level from 2017 to 2022.It is recommended to strengthen surveillance and early warning,intervene in key places and key populations according to the regularity of epidemic,and control the epidemic of varicella by increasing the vaccination rate of 2 doses of varicella vaccine for school-age children.