新中国成立初期知识界对列宁学说的宣传和阐释——基于对1949—1956年中国主要理论报刊的研究

Dissemination and Interpretation of Lenin’s Theory in the Intellectual Community in the Early Days of the People’s Republic of China

新中国成立初期,知识界对列宁学说的宣传和阐释呈现出明显的阶段性特征。在宣传内容上,列宁的国际主义思想、知识分子和文化理论以及过渡时期理论是知识界着力阐释的方面,它们渐次在三个历史时段被主要理论报刊集中述及。在宣传方式上,主要理论报刊最初表现出结论式的论断多于学理性研究的特点,国内民众借以认识列宁国际主义思想的文献比较有限。1951年至1953年间,知识界开始注重通过引述列宁著作原文、类比经典文献的方式来阐明原理,因而对列宁知识分子和文化理论的阐释更加细致和深入。1953年后,列宁过渡时期理论在更为宽广的文本基础上得到传播,列宁著作内容进一步得到学理性的解读。相关的宣传和阐释既推动了列宁学说的中国化、大众化,加深了国内民众对新中国成立初期各项政策的理解和认同,又反映了中国共产党与知识分子群体在建设新社会这一问题上的良性互动。

In the early days of the People’s Republic of China,the dissemination and interpretation of Lenin’s theory in the intellectual community showed distinct stages.In terms of content,Lenin’s internationalist thought,intellectual and cultural theories,as well as transitional period theories were the main focus,gradually concentrated in three historical periods in the major theoretical journals from 1949 to 1956.In terms of methods,initially,the major theoretical journals tended to present more conclusive conclusions rather than scholarly research on Lenin’s internationalist thought,resulting in limited literature available for the Chinese to read.From 1951 to 1953,the intellectual community began to emphasize the clarification of principles by quoting Lenin’s original works and analogizing classic literature,leading to a more detailed and in-depth interpretation of Lenin’s theory on intellectuals and cultural issues.After 1953,as Lenin’s transitional period theory disseminated on a wider textual basis,the content of Lenin’s works was further interpreted with greater scholarly rigor.The relevant dissemination and interpretation not only promoted the sinicization and popularization of Lenin’s theory,deepened the Chinese people’s understanding and acceptance of various policies in the early days of New China,but also reflected the positive interaction between the Communist Party of China and the intellectual community in the construction of a new society.