米开朗基罗传记形象的塑造与历史真实——以朱利乌斯二世陵墓雕塑传记书写为中心的考察

Portrayal and Historical Reality of the Biography of Michelangelo:On the Writing of the Biography of Julius II Tomb Sculptures

在瓦萨里创作的《名人传》的两个版本和孔迪维的《米开朗基罗传》中,米开朗基罗被塑造成个性突出、敢于对抗赞助人的英雄形象,并且被用来证明文艺复兴时期艺术家群体的社会地位取得重大提升。事实上,这种观点是出于对米开朗基罗的误解,夸大了精英艺术家的独立性和艺术家群体社会地位提高的程度,是传记作家刻意塑造的结果。围绕米开朗基罗为朱利乌斯二世制作陵墓雕塑相关传记书写分析与历史考察,其意义不仅在于认清传记作家对米开朗基罗形象的夸大和刻意塑造,还在于准确认识艺术家地位的提升,并给予艺术家与赞助人关系以准确定位。

In the two versions of Vasari’s Lives by Vasari and Condivi’s The Life of Michelangelo , Michelangelo is depicted as a prominent and heroic figure who dares to confront his sponsors, used to demonstrate the significant elevation of the social status of artists during the Renaissance. In fact, this viewpoint is based on a misunderstanding of Michelangelo, exaggerating the independence of elite artists and the extent to which the social status of the artist community has improved, which is the deliberate result of the biographers’ shaping. The analysis of the writing and historical investigation of the biography of Michelangelo’s tomb sculptures for Julius II helps to recognize the exaggeration and deliberate shaping of Michelangelo’s image by biographers, to gain a precise understanding of the elevation of the artist’s status and to provide a correct positioning of the relationship between artists and sponsors.