德川幕府锁国时期荷日贸易的盛衰及其原因

Rise and Fall of Trade between Japan and Dutch during the Tokugawa Shogunate and Its Causes

17世纪中期,日本德川幕府宣布锁国,驱逐先前抵日经商的葡萄牙人。尽管如此,德川将军却允许荷兰人留在出岛开展对日贸易。幕府锁国后,荷日贸易在较长时间内经历了一个盛衰过程。17世纪后期,荷兰人其实已经熟知日本市场的贸易规律,即便幕府锁国,荷日贸易尚能维持高潮。进入18世纪,荷日双方均产生一些不稳定因素,贸易开始走下坡路。荷兰人为了保住最东方的商业据点,积极展开对日外交活动。19世纪初,荷日均面临世界格局的变动,双方的贸易也遭遇危机而走向尾声。

In the mid-17th century,the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan declared a policy of national seclusion,expelling the Portuguese merchants who had previously traded in Japan.Nevertheless,the Shogun allowed the Dutch to remain on the islands to engage in trade with Japan.Following the seclusion policy,the trade between the Dutch and Japan went through prosperity and decline.In the late 17th century,the Dutch were already familiar with the trading patterns in the Japanese market,and despite the seclusion policy,the trade between the Dutch and Japan maintained its peak.As the 18th century approached,due to the instabilities of both sides,and the trade between them began to decline.In order to preserve their easternmost commercial foothold,the Dutch actively engaged in diplomatic activities with Japan.In the early 19th century,both the Dutch and Japanese were confronted with shifts in the global landscape,which lead to trade crises and the eventual decline.