民法典体系下死者人格利益保护的实践进路研究

Research on the Practical Approach to the Protection of Deceased Persons' Personality under the Civil Code System

我国民法对死者人格利益的保护最早可以追溯到1990年“荷花女案”的相关司法批复。在早期的司法实践中,最高人民法院只是对个别的名誉、肖像等人格利益,采取点对点的复函模式进行保护。经过法制体系的不断完善,民法典时代的死者人格利益保护已进入到全面保护阶段,但是在近来的案件中却暴露出一些问题。从实践中产生的问题出发,对现行保护模式进行切实可行的补充完善,如调整请求权主体范围和不同顺位的权利内容、强化死者人格利益和近亲属一般人格权的联系等统筹优化措施。

The protection of the personality interests of the deceased in China's civil law can be traced back to the relevant judicial approval of the "Lotus Woman case" in 1990.In the early judicial practice,the Supreme People's Court only adopted the point-to-point response mode to protect individual personality interests such as reputation and portrait.Through the continuous improvement of the legal system,the protection of the deceased's personal interests in the era of civil code has entered the stage of comprehensive protection,but some problems have been exposed in recent cases.Starting from the problems arising in practice,the current protection mode is made feasible and complementary,such as adjusting the scope of the subject of the right of claim and the content of the right of different ranks,strengthening the overall optimization measures such as the connection between the personality interests of the deceased and the general personality rights of the close relatives.