中国共产党农村土地政策一百年:理论、历程与经验

25 The CPC’s Rural Land Policy in the Past 100 Years:Theory,Process and Experience

马克思主义经典理论家关于农村土地政策的基本理论,是中国共产党开展革命、建设和改革的行动指南。一百年来,中国共产党始终高度重视农村土地问题,紧紧围绕“土地归谁所有”的土地所有权和“土地如何经营”的土地经营权,探索和制定出了符合中国国情和时代特征的农村土地政策。新民主主义革命时期“农民所有、家庭经营”的农村土地政策,赢得农民,取得国家政权;社会主义革命和建设时期“集体所有、集体经营”的农村土地政策,联合农民,推进工业化;改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期“集体所有、家庭经营”的农村土地政策,激励农民,支持经济发展;中国特色社会主义新时代“集体所有、家庭承包、多元经营”的农村土地政策,富裕农民,实现农业现代化。中国共产党在百年农村土地政策实践中积累了许多来之不易的成功经验:农村土地政策必须符合中国国情,农村土地政策必须有利于解放和发展生产力,农村土地政策必须服务特定阶段的历史任务,农村土地政策必须满足农民普遍利益诉求,农村土地政策必须抓住所有制这个核心问题。

The basic theory of the rural land policy of the classical Marxist theorists is the guide for the CPC to carry out revolution,construction and reform.For a hundred years,the CPC has always attached great importance to rural land issues,closely focusing on the land ownership of“who owns the land”and the land management right of“how to manage the land”,and has explored and formulated rural land policies that conform to China’s national conditions and the characteristics of the times.The rural land policy of“farmer owned,family operated”during the periold of the new-democratic revolution won over farmers and gained state power;the rural land policy of“collective ownership and collective management”during the period of socialist revolution and reconstruction,united with farmers,and promoted industrialization;the rural land policy of“collective ownership and family management”during the new period of reform and opening up incentivized farmers and supported economic development;the rural land policy of“collective ownership,household contracting,and diversified management”in a new ara of socialism with chinese characteristics enriches farmers and realizes agricultural modernization.The CPC has accumulated many successful experiences in the practice of rural land policies for a hundred years:the rural land policies must conform to China’s national conditions;the rural land policies must be conducive to the liberation and development of productive forces,and the rural land policies must serve the historical tasks at a specific stage,meet the common interests of farmers,and grasp the core issue of ownership.