新疆昌吉15个引进饲用燕麦品种的主要农艺性状分析

Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits of 15 Introduced Forage Oat Varieties in Changji,Xinjiang

【目的】旨在探究昌吉地区引进的15个饲用燕麦品种的适应性,为该地区饲用燕麦品种的引进和利用提供科学依据。【方法】对13个供试材料的农艺性状指标进行了多样性指数分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】结果表明,供试材料各性状的多样性指数在1.36~1.96之间,品种间表型遗传多样性丰富。单株叶面积、叶茎比和叶片数的多样性指数最高,单株叶面积、穗长、单株鲜(干)草重的变异系数最大。在主成分分析中,第1主成分反映了生殖器官形态建成的构成因子,第2主成分反映了饲用燕麦的生物量因子,第3主成分反映了光合作用的主要影响因子。【结论】通过聚类分析可将所有供试材料分为3类,其中第Ⅰ类可作为早熟型饲用燕麦的品种资源;第Ⅱ类可作为高产青贮型饲用燕麦的优良品种资源;第Ⅲ类的农艺性状表现各异,其中第2亚类的“甜燕1号”各性状表现突出,可作为本研究区高产优质型饲用燕麦品种加以引进与利用。

【Objective】The aim is to explore the adaptability of 15 forage oat varieties introduced in Changji area,and provide a scientific basis for the introduction and utilization of forage oat varieties in the area.【Methods】The diversity index analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on 13 agronomic traits of the tested materials.【Results】The results show that the diversity indexes of agronomic traits of the tested materials ranged from 1.36 to 1.96,and the phenotypic genetic diversity among the varieties was abundant.Specifically,the diversity indexes of leaf area per plant,leaf-stem ratio and leaf number were the highest,and the coefficients of variation of leaf area per plant,panicle length and fresh(dry)grass weight per plant were the largest.In the principal component analysis,the first principal component reflected the constituent factors of the formation of the reproductive organ morphology,the second principal component reflects the biomass factors of forage oats,and the third principal component reflects the main influencing factors of photosynthesis.【Conclusion】All the tested materials could be divided into three categories by cluster analysis.Among them,the first category could be used as a variety resource of earlymaturing forage oats,the second category could be used as an excellent variety resource of high-yield silage of forage oats.The agronomic traits of the third category were different,among them,the Tianyan No.1 variety in the second sub-category could be introduced and utilized as a high-yield and high-quality oat variety in view of its outstanding performance in agronomic traits.