日本“中国学”视角的《论语》批判比较研究——以和辻哲郎、子安宣邦、加地伸行三位学者为例

A Comparative Study of Critique on the Analects of Confucius from the Perspective of Chinese Studies among Japanese Academic Community--Taking Watsuji Tetsurou,Koyasu Nobukuni and Kaji Nobuyuki as Examples

经典文本是儒家思想的文字载体。在中国的经学体系中,经典通过不断被注解与阐释,被赋予了超越文本本身的含义,延续了儒学的生命。海外学界的《论语》研究,提供了以“中国学”视角考察儒家经典的借鉴。日本学者和辻哲郎、子安宣邦、加地伸行以原典批判的方式出版了《论语》研究的相关著作,并在近年来被译介到国内学术界,成为儒学研究的跨文化视角和海外中国学研究的新趋势。对比这三位日本学者的《论语》原典批判可见,三位学者都认可儒家经典的文本一致性与反思性,将其视作珍宝(和辻哲郎)、财富(子安宣邦)和“精神食粮”(加地伸行)等;他们也都认同经典在编纂过程中必然远离最初的言论,应当以批判的角度解读文本内涵。同时,三位学者均论及儒家的人文关怀,将其看作经典文本得以为不同时代所拥有的生命力所在。其中,和辻哲郎从文化史的角度看待孔子作为“人类教师”所带来的人文主义转向;子安宣邦强调了激活《论语》文本中“学”的自省意识;而加地伸行侧重解构儒学提供的精神关怀与生命哲学。

Classic texts serve as the written carriers of Confucianism.Within China's academic system,these classics has been endowed with meanings that go beyond the texts themselves through continuous annotation and interpretion,thereby sustaining the vitality of Confucianism.The studies of the Analects of Confucius(Lunyu)by scholars overseas provides us with insights into examing Confucian classics from the perspective of“Chinese studies”.Japanese scholars,such as Watsuji Tetsurou,Koyasu Nobukuni and Kaji Nobuyuki,have published works related to the critical analysis of the Analects of Confucius,which have recently been introduced to the academic community in China,becoming a new trend in cross-cultural perspectives on Confucian studies and overseas Chinese Studies.Comparing the criticisms on original classics of these three Japanese scholars reveals that all of them recognize the textual consistency and reflective nature of Confucian classics,regarding them as treasures(Watsuji),wealth(Koyasu),and“spiritual nourishment”(Nobuyuki);they also agree that the compilation process of the classics necessarily deviates from the original discourse,and the texts should be interpreted from a critical perspective.At the same time,all three scholars discuss the humanistic care of Confucianism,which is seen as the vitality that allows classical texts to be relevant in different eras.Watsuji Tetsurou approaches Confucius as a“teacher of humanity”from the perspective of cultural history,highlighting the humanistic shift brought about by Confucius.Koyasu Nobukuni emphasizes activating the self-reflective consciousness of“learning”within the Analects.Meanwhile,Kaji Nobuyuki focuses on deconstructing the spiritual care and philosophy of life offered by Confucianism.