生态史观:梅棹忠夫文明史演进的探讨价值

An Ecological Historical Study:Exploring the Value of Evolution on Civilization in the Works of Umesao Tadao

梅棹忠夫“文明的生态史观”开创了用生态学理论对历史文明进行比较研究的先河。其文明的生态史观渗透于试图突破日本传统史学成说、尝试构筑文明发展生态过程、自觉关注生态环境社会福祉、试图阐明平行发展论日本观等层面,揭示人类文明史演进的各种主要因素中的自然因素的重要性。梅棹忠夫主张已实现现代化的日本,应当在相比较落后国家的现代化过程中扮演帮助和支持角色。但“文明的生态史观”建立在日本“中心论”和“优越论”基础上,作为现代化理论模式并不能成立,而把生态环境看作是人类文明演进决定性因素,更是一种地理环境决定论的表现,该理论带有明显的民族主义倾向,正如真理再跨出一小步成为谬误一样,最终走向极端民族主义,这应当引起警觉与批评。

Umesao Tadao's ecological view on civilization pioneered the use of ecological theory to compare and study historical civilizations.The ecological view on civilization is permeates various aspects of Umesao Tadao's attempt to break through traditional Japanese historiography,construct the ecological process of civilization development,consciously focus on ecological environment and social well-being,and elucidate the concept of parallel development in Japan.It reveals the importance of natural factors in the evolution of human civilization.Umesao Tadao advocates that modernized Japan should play a role in assisting and supporting less developed countries in their modernization process.However,the his ecological view on civilization is based on the notions of Japanese centrism and superiority,and as a model of modernization theory,it is fundamentally flawed.Viewing the ecological environment as the decisive factor in the evolution of human civilization reflects a geographical determinism,and this theory has a clear nationalist tendency.just as truth takes one small step to become a fallacy,it ultimately leads to extreme nationalism.This should raise awareness and criticism.